Input power directly relates to the sensitivity of a pair of earbuds, and isn’t necessarily a specification carried by the earbuds themselves. Sometimes, earbud makers give two values — a “rated” input power, and a maximum input power. The maximum is technically the amount of power you can deliver to a pair of earbuds without damaging them, however you probably won’t even want to get near that maximum input power. At that level you will most certainly damage your hearing, as well as the buds themselves. And you will know it because the buds will distort.
When I was younger, I had a little rack stereo, and I decided to cut the connector off my (ON ear) headphones; you know the kind that had foams just like earbuds?! Anyhow, I connected them to the "A" speaker out on my rack stereo.... Boy did those get really loud! The problem was that before I could go deaf (thankfully), they burned out... It wasn't until much later that I figured out why. hahaha (that is a very true story, and while they lasted, they sounded the best they ever had).
The rated input power, on the other hand, gives you an idea of the best level of power to deliver the earbuds to achieve their best sound (in theory).
Generally speaking, headphone power specifications are very broad estimates, so they’re sometimes somewhat meaningless. So, I normally don't really even pay attention to those numbers, as they aren't absolute numbers, but instead are a "derived" number (on paper).
The most important numbers are the impedance (given in Ohms) and the sensitivity (given in SPL). THD is also an important number. But keep in mind, that if they have shown it as less than one, that is also very generic because most head gear nowadays is less than one (it is normally always in decimals), and at .99999% this is not a good number at all for a bud. But technically it IS less than 1%.