T.R.A.N.C.E.
Headphoneus Supremus
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- Mar 24, 2010
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What happens to the output impedance when you run Pono balanced?
Does it share the OI to both headphone outs, double it etc?
Output impedance is also doubled when balanced, single ended OI is 3.25 ohm, double that balanced, as mentioned in stereophile review, but on the topic of OI and balanced the Pono engineer Charles Hansen says:
"The output stage in the PonoPlayer is a Diamond buffer, essentially taken straight out of Ayre's KX-R Twenty preamplifier. This circuit in the PonoPlayer idles at about 4mA and runs in class A-A/B. As there are two complementary output devices per phase, at low levels (class A) the output impedance is roughly 26 ÷ 4mA ÷ 2 emitter followers = 3.25 ohms.
At higher playback levels, the output stage leaves class-A and enters class-A/B. Then, only one of the transistors is on during part of the audio cycle, so the factor of 2 goes away. But here is the beauty of an open-loop design: the more current that is drawn (eg, from a low-impedance load), the more current passes through the emitter follower, which in turn reduces its output impedance.
The bottom line is that a set of high-impedance cans will be driven by a relatively low output impedance in the range of 3 ohms or so, which is far more than adequate. And if the user connects lower-impedance headphones and/or drives them at higher and higher levels, the output impedance drops further. It becomes a self-correcting situation so that the PonoPlayer can drive even the lowest-impedance loads without difficulty.
What's more, connecting to the PonoPlayer with balanced cables will connect two separate amplifiers to each transducer, each driven 180° out of phase with the other. This will double the available voltage swing, thus quadrupling the output power (as well as canceling all of the even harmonics and rejecting imperfections in the power supply)."