Sorry, I do not know personally if this will work.
"
USB devices can be used while charging the Windows / Android tablet."
http://buffalo.jp/product/peripheral/usb-hub/bsh4amb03_n/
USB devices = USB peripherals (USB mouse, USB keyboard, USB DAC, etc …).
The question is rather the following: is your smartphone / tablet fully compliant with USB specification, more precisely compliant with ACA / Battery Charging specification v1.2 (BC v1.2)?
"The mobile device identifies that the docking station is capable of supporting ACA-Dock Mode by sensing the RID_A value. Standard RID_A value as per the BC v1.2 specification is 124 kΩ. Some OEMs support proprietary RID_A Values. For example, some Samsung mobile devices support RID_A of 71 kΩ - 74 kΩ."
http://www.cypress.com/documentation/other-resources/hx3-and-psoc4-based-aca-docking-solution
"A USB OTG Android device is configured to USB host mode supplying or drawing power, or USB peripheral mode by ACA/OTG software/hardware measuring the value of the ID resistance of the USB interface.
According to the value of the ID resistance [RID_A]
. the Android device should act as a USB host, interwork with the USB DAC acting as a USB peripheral, and supply power to the bus-powered USB DAC
. the Android device should act as a standalone USB peripheral, and draw power from an external battery
. the Android device should act as a USB peripheral, interwork with a USB host, and draw power from an external power source
. the Android device should act as a USB host, interwork with the USB DAC acting as a USB peripheral, and draw power from an external battery or another external power supply."
http://www.head-fi.org/t/595071/android-phones-and-usb-dacs/2580#post_9598490