And you can't compare the two devices, since one is an IEM where you're getting a seal with your meter and the other one is an open phone.
If you want to do an actual comparison, you must get a proper seal with the HD600 as well.
That's what I initially thought, but is the seal all that problematic for the measurements when
1) The app takes ambient noise into account, and so did my test; if anything, what isn't confusing to me is that the IEM registers a higher dynamic range, even without a seal (see below)
ie., I not only set the volume with worst case scenario noise, but also when taking the measurements, and regardless of the ambient noise (which gets marked if I don't run the music immediately), the measurements of the HD600 remain the same (which also gets marked once the average added noise and peak level are registered)
2) The measurements on the ASG-1's weren't just taken with a "seal" between the mic and the driver - the first measurement was with two drivers aimed at it, meaning there's quite a gap between both bores and the mic, so that's basically the IEM if it had the same issue as the HD600, but it still measured on average about 2dB louder than the HD600.
3) The distance to the mic at center of the drivers with the HD600 on the table approximates the distance to the eardrums when worn; which, if problematic due to the lack of seal...
4) Wouldn't the measurement taken with the mic shoved right onto the foam over one driver - which registers higher -
very roughly be the compensated for output level when worn?
Also by my ears the HD600s were actually set at a lower listening level and I did the test thinking that while I might not be overcompensating for the noise floor, I might just not be aware that I am still at much louder level (unless it is as you say an issue with the method)
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In any case I quickly redid the test, this time with just one driver but with a 2mm gap between the phone case and the IEM - basically it's firing directly into the mic as opposed to two of them at an angle - and it registered at 72 to 78dB (vs 73dB to 78dB with both drivers at an angle, and 74dB to 80dB pressed onto the case).
Also by my ears the HD600s were actually set at a lower listening level and I did the test thinking that while I might not be overcompensating for the noise floor, I might just not be aware that I am still at much louder level (unless it is as you say an issue with the method). The thing is though if I set it any lower (by my ears) it totally cannot get past the noise floor of either just the fan or the A/C running - both would have to be switched off.
EDIT: It might actually be the clamping force as I accidentally just replicated it on the IEM. I was working on my laptop for over two hours without removing them, then I totally forgot to select another album in my library since a few minutes after I logged in here, so give or take around one hour and forty-five minutes of music then roughly 25mins of no music playing after that, and just as I clicked "Submit" the ringing started. Lasted for around three minutes until I removed the IEM, then it was gone within a minute or so.
I'll set an appointment with my ENT day after tomorrow, I might have an infection that is only being aggravated by the pressure exerted by the headphone and IEM. For tomorrow night though I'm gonna try the headphone again, this time back to my original nine click out from tightest setting (moved it to six clicks a few weeks ago when I dozed off and they fell off my head).