What would be an example of a headphone where it provides "excess" resolution? While I agree with this wholeheartedly, I can't think of a headphone that provides "excess". Certainly out of balance... A headphone that is highly resolving but missing other aspects that make it seem off. Going the other way, headphones that excel with impeccable tonal balance and PRAT, yet the drivers don't extract all of the detail. This is a fuzzy thing for my brain.
I expressed that thought inexactly.
The sad fact is that no headphone driver can extract all the detail there is IRL music...or any of the other qualities present IRL music. Audio gear of any kind, no matter how big or expensive, can reproduce just a fraction, a subset of what one hears in live music in a real space. Particular audio characteristics that can't match the real thing (in my experience, anyway) are dynamics, macro-and micro-; bass (depth and impact); peak volume; and reproduction of the acoustic of the space itself.
While every element of audio is less than the real thing, audio still sounds extremely convincing when the reproduction balances all those sonic elements in a good imitation of the real thing. So audio resolution is less than the real thing, but as long as it doesn't overwhelm the other elements, it sounds great. Same thing with bass, dymamics, and all the other facets of music experience.
There are headphones whose
raison d'etre seems to be maximizing resolution. They succeed in this, but then the imitation that audio reproduction really is becomes unbalanced in favor of resolution. The same thing can happen with bass in other headphones.
The Focal headphones I've heard (Elear, Clear, Stellia--especially the Clear) push resolution past the point where it's in balance with everything else. I've also heard some freakishly detailed and bright sound from electrostats (can't name names because I forgot the brands in question). In the case of the Elear (which I heard at length IMS), it also pushed dynamics to an unnatural degree, which made the sound not just bright, but overly insistent. I've also had a few random experiences with various Beyerdynamic models at shows that qualify.
I can't give better, more elaborate examples simply because I avoid audio gear that exaggerates resolution.
PS: the experience of music being 100% subjective, it's always possible I'm wrong about all of this. All I can do is honestly report what I hear...