the original design for the amp was to push everything to a nominal level right away to get the best possible signal to noise ratio(for that cheapo design). and it worked very well for that intent but of course said nominal level has to be close to the max(and then the volume knob attenuates it to the desired volume). if you feed your amp with an old ipod or sony DAP which often wouldn't even reach 0.4V at the output, 6.5x0.4=2.6V . so long as the design is fine with that level and whatever load(headphone) is plugged, you're fine. of course having a nominal behavior that way does not ensure you'll still have a good result if you feed the amp with 2V or more from the start and still ask it to multiply that by 6.5. because this amp was never designed to output 13V or even more, it cannot do it.
here are the limits as given by the nwavguy(if you say his name 3 times in a mirror, someone will call you his minion. the curse is real!):
on battery, for those who can't read ^_^
with AC
so you have really simple math to tell you what will happen. take the full scale voltage of your source/DAC, multiply by your gain and if it's below the limits given here for your load(headphone), you're good. those who don't plan to use such amp on crappy portable sources, clearly don't need a 6.5X gain. maybe the 6.5X gain should have simply be labelled "only use for weak ass sources!". not that the average audiophile understands what a gain switch is for in the first place. if it was always just a second volume knob going "turbo", instead we'd all have amps with a volume knob going to 11 and no gain switch. sometimes it's as simple as making the volume knob more convenient to use under various conditions, and sometimes the purpose is clearly electrical.
I'm personally at unity gain with the HD650 and feeding the amp with the old odac or some other stuff set around 2V(so that I don't jump from my chair when I change gears^_^), and I've always achieved satisfying loudness that way, but I know that I'm a quiet listener. if audio meetings made one thing clear, that's it. maxed out I peak close to 110dB SPL and that's a level where I would probably use the hd650 as speaker instead of putting it on my head(although the bass sucks on hd650 speakers
)
with 2.5X gain and feeding 2V that's above 115dB into the hd650. which is a typical reference used to decide if an amplifier will go loud enough for all our uses with a given headphone. this amp clearly can do it under normal use and proper voltage input+gain setting.