To my knowledge, there are 3 main types of Android car USB audio:
1. Android device as storage device; car audio system as player - DAC - amp - speakers
2. Android device as storage device - player; USB DAC; car audio system as amp - speakers
3. Android device as storage device - player; car audio system as DAC - amp - speakers.
1. Android device as storage device; car audio system as player - DAC - amp - speakers:
Android phone as storage device >> regular USB cable >> car audio system: car audio player > car audio DAC > car audio amp > car audio speakers
The car audio system operating in USB Host mode provides power to the Android phone operating in USB Device mode.
http://www.cnet.com/news/using-your-android-phone-with-your-car-stereo-how-to/
2. Android device as storage device - player; standard USB DAC; car audio system as amp - speakers:
Android phone as storage device - player(s) >> USB OTG cable >> compatible USB DAC >> car audio system: car audio amp > car audio speakers
The Android phone operating in USB Host mode provides power to the standard USB DAC.
As often as possible, a USB OTG/ACA cable should be used so that the USB ACA-featured Android phone operating in USB Host mode is also able to be charged by a power supply at the same time.
http://www.head-fi.org/t/595071/android-phones-and-usb-dacs/5430#post_10929191
3. Android device as storage device - player; car audio system as DAC - amp - speakers:
Android phone as storage device - player(s) >> regular USB cable >> car audio system: car audio DAC > car audio amp > car audio speakers
The car audio system operating in USB Host mode provides power to the Android phone.
This car audio DAC (i.e. Android-specific USB DAC) is obviously not compatible with PC or Mac. It is compliant with the Android Open Accessory protocol 2.0 (AOA 2.0).
http://www.head-fi.org/t/595071/android-phones-and-usb-dacs/2310#post_9458311
http://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Car/UnAssigned-Content/Android+Compatibility
http://www.jvc.net/cs/car/firmware/2014/aoa/index.html