Post-processing is more important than you think. It's where raw image data from the sensor is converted/compressed into the easy-to-handle JPEG format. The difference in post-processing tech/algorithms is how iPhone, Samsung and Lumia cameras that have Sony sensors can take consistently better photos than actual Sony phones with nearly double the megapixel count. Oh, and Sony's default "Superior Auto" mode topping out at 8 MP also helps. I bet 95% of users don't even know their 20+ MP Sony phone camera is taking photos at a measly 8 MP.
Stock ROMs contain all the proprietary drivers and blobs that enable the camera in the phone to perform to its full potential. Custom ROMs don't have any of that. I've had first-hand experience of this with my OPO on LineageOS. SultanXDA's LineageOS uses OxygenOS camera binaries which greatly improved the photo quality, especially in low light.
Manual controls in a smartphone camera is just an extra unnecessary layer of complexity that should not be needed to be able to take good photos. It's in the same league as having to root your phone just to keep random wakelocks at bay to get decent standby battery life.
Edit: on this topic, I can't wait to see HMD Nokia phones with Carl Zeiss optics!
https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/06/nokia-phones-return-to-using-zeiss-camera-tech/
On another side note, I love the hardware build of Symbian and Lumia-era Nokias. They just ooze quality. Back in the Symbian days, Nokia phones with stainless steel parts were not uncommon, and Lumia plastic was gorgeous. And that thick, green and gold PCB! HMD Nokia mainboards look kinda flimsy in comparison (although I've never worked with one in person before).