I'm pretty sure I qualified that I was not understanding what you said - that doesn't excuse being rude; just being honest. Again, no need to be rude.
Regarding a switch - some receivers have a switch which defeats the speaker/pre-amp outputs, without putting the receiver into stand-by. Usually it's labeled "Speaker On/Off" or may simply be an A+B switch (on many stereo receivers). This is different than auto-sense jacks which defeat the outputs when a connection is made, and receivers/devices that drive headphones and speakers in parallel and more or less "don't care."
Regarding the resistance question: yes, generally a speaker amplifier will have a small network that allows the amplifier to couple to headphones without damaging the headphones (you can actually build these yourself, if you really dislike the internal one, or have an amplifier that's very basic, it's just a couple of resistors:
http://sound.westhost.com/project100.htm). That does impact FR, as noted earlier; it reduces the level (which usually isn't a problem with larger amplifiers, they may actually expend more power driving some cans than speakers, but they usually have enough juice to deal with this (in other words, you've usually got 100W or so sitting behind those resistors, and you only need a few mW of that - Elliot has a table that explains this)), and may cause some slight FR deviation. This is (mostly) unrelated to damping (which is a wonderful marketing creation that gets at "how well the cone is controlled by the amplifier" - unless the DF on the amplifier is stupidly low (like 10 or less, which is something you'll work to find) the overall system DF will average out about the same across amplifiers). This also assumes that high DF values are always "best sounding" (which is not the case either).
See here:
http://www.butleraudio.com/damping1.php
And here:
http://gilmore2.chem.northwestern.edu/faqs.htm#amp
And here:
http://www.roger-russell.com/wire/wire.htm#resistancehigh (notice that it's not uniform attenuation, but does actually result in some FR deviation - if memory serves the JND for these variations is 2 dB).
Regarding what the various Sennheiser HD 595, it depends on what the amplifier does with the load. The thing is, that impedance swing never goes away - it's always there, as a part of the device's performance. As long as the amplifier doesn't choke into whatever the load is, you should be more or less fine. It's going to sound like an HD 595 from anything you plug it into. You aren't going to magically change that. Also, I'm pretty sure Sennheiser targets the 120 ohm output with the Premium line (the 5x5 and 5x8); they're generally regarded as very easy to drive and run from most devices. Aside from some of the planars (which are dreadfully inefficient), and the 600 ohm Beyerdynamic models (and the AKG K1000, but that's very specific), most headphones can drive from most headphone jacks. That's basically my point. FR variation can (And probably does) happen, but it's not like you (usually) have a reference; it's uniformly "non-standard" (the deviated FR doesn't entropically change, it deviates by X and X stays constant) - which is why I'm saying it's not the end of the world. If you've got some sort of ABX comparator feeding something like a T1 (which has huge impedance swings) and tested it between multiple amplifiers with dramatically different output characteristics, you *might* be able to pick out some differences, but I'm guessing they'd be very slight (this assumes they could all drive the T1 without clipping). Hence my general advice: get an amplifier that provides suitable power for whatever the nominal impedance/sensitivity demands are, and forget it.
"Suitable amplification" does not mean "esoteric" or "dreadfully expensive" amplification.
Oh, and don't trust your ears - they lie.
Finally, with newer receivers and other devices, it's not uncommon to see an opamp driving the headphone output (it's certainly more efficient!). I think this is probably more common for processors and devices that use switching amplifiers, but given that headphone jacks on most devices are taken for granted, I doubt there's a definitive listing anywhere.
I probably had a bit more fun reading about this than is normal, but I found some more references you might be interested in:
http://www.epanorama.net/circuits/headphone_attenuator.html
Which reminded me of this:
http://www.afrotechmods.com/reallycheap/soundcard/sennheiser.htm
So again, minor FR deviation (which will be consistent-in-context), but not a whole lot else "wrong." Especially if the device can provide enough power. I assume most big receivers and amplifiers have no problem here (again, aside from wasting lots of power).
Quote:
The last post makes absolutely no sense - "impedance resonance"???
I thought that was rude so whatever.
some have a switch that gets you half-way
What does this mean?
The headphone output of every amp I have owned ( all vintage ) use a large resistor in series with the headphone jack. Not a big problem with with high impedance headphones but makes a difference when impedance jumps from 50 to 250 ohms on a low impedance headphone.