Aleksandar R.
Sponsor: RAAL 1995
VM has toroidal output transfomers designed by Menno Van Der Ven.Thanks guys. Interestingly the VM1 has the "disadvantage" of having an output transformer and that's widely regarded as the best ribbon amp. Seems the right pairing of tube speaker amp + TI-1b should be able to get close in performance to the VM1. Furthermore Alex even has stated having two smaller transformers can have benefits such as lower parasitic inductance (such as two 10:1 transformers vs a single 100:1) and in theory the TI-1b could perform better than a direct drive amp because of this.
With a single toroid, you actually can sort out the parasitic inductance at 100:1 ratios.
You can't do that as easily with other cores that are not all covered with windings. It can be done, but at much greater complexity.
With the majority of tube amps out there that have their transformers optimized for ~20:1 ratio, the TI adds the missing ratio ( ~5.5:1 for the 8 Ohms version) with very little parasitics of it's own, allowing those amps to be used with very little penalty, like detectable by measurements but not significant enough to be audible as a difference.
It's the same thing we're doing in tweeters for speakers. Every True-Ribbon tweeter has a built-in impedance matching transformer, converting it to 8 Ohms, but the bandwidth is there, transparency is there, all good. Whether you play that speaker on solid-state or tube amps, the highs are usually better than with other types of tweeters, there's more detail, more air, so much so that historically, it was never necessary to make direct drive amps for ribbon tweeters. If the transformer was such a disadvantage, direct drive ribbon tweeters would have to come to exist by now, but they don't.
So, there's no real drama here. Just engineering problems that were successfully solved long ago and then adjusted for headphone application.
The problem with ribbon headphones is that I have to split the system. I can't put transformers on your head because of weight, so I had to engineer cables that will connect the transformer to the ribbon, with the least penalty possible. The cable is the real problem in this equation, not the transformer, but that's whole another story...
In essence, it's a system where cable must meet 0.25 Ohms and <0.8uH at total desired length, to be able to work with TI and VM.
The HSA, because of a ballast resistor, doesn't need the right cable resistance and it walks all over 4x greater cable inductance.
JotR needs a cable of >0.4 Ohms, preferably with 1.8uH at total length.
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