I honestly doubt that the pioneer use external usb 5V, there is no good reason for a dac of this level to do this, even powering the dirty side of an isolator would better be done with another local regulator.
I did not test yet the pioneer variable ouput... but the Alps potentiometer can be troublesome at low volume, when handle by hand and not by the remote: one of my 2 units sometimes has the usual "pot scratch sound". I hope there is no mean thing that appears on the dac output when this happen. That's not a threat on my headphone out.
Pioneer did use Alps RK16 for pot, and some NJR chip for fine adjust. Two volume controllers in the signal path ain't my cup of tea.
I wish they had used dual MUSES72320 (which is also part of NJR) in passive configuration (not using their gain circuit, only the resistive ladder), digitally controlled by some rotary encoder. Pioneer, if you read me, consider this idea.
Thanks! It would be my guess as well that the Pioneer uses the internal psu for the 5v usb....but could´nt be too sure about it. I want to make sure to give the Regan as much clean power as possible....but if Pioneer draws the needed power from the USB port itself I will end up with less/more power than intended. If it takes the power internally I do not need to calculate for additional power changes and go for the highest recommended value.
I use an external psu for the Regen, the Regen supplies new USB power to my Pioneer U-5 and will use my Aqvox USB psu as well before entering the Regen. I guess I´m covered with psu´s for my USB!
Regarding your thoughts about variable output. Do you mean that it would be a good idea to control the volume from the source? To my own knowledge it would be a bad idea....but since you strike me as a very knowledgeable guy you might have some hidden cards? I personally find the fine adjust very handy and still have´nt heard any draw-backs sound wise when using it....but I still think Pioneer should take your suggestions very seriously though!