Going by my subjective idea of "neutral / flat", I perceive the UERMs as very slightly mid-bass enhanced and a tad too bright / uneven in treble.
Yep, I second that - very slightly more bass and fundamental warmth than neutral, somewhat "relaxed" (though not by too much) middle treble, peak in the upper highs. Still pretty neutral-ish though.
I have to say that ER-4S' frequency response matches very well with my HRTF (at least it seams so, as I have never measured it) and especially my definition of what neutral sound is. Except for the moderate presence area boost which is responsible for the sometimes occurring modest shoutiness/forwardness in the mids, the ER-4S is extremely flat in my ears when doing a sine sweep, with about perfectly flat lows and especially highs. Ety's treble is really commendably flat and realistically sounding and something whereby many of the much more expensive models somewhat fail with unevenness and peaks in the upper range that make instruments appear less natural than the they do with the Ety.
If there was just one IEM with ER-4S' cohesion, soundstage, flatness and naturalness but an overall higher resolution and bass speed, I would be satisfied forever. Even though I have technically superior balanced/neutral-ish IEMs for listening at home, I find myself grabbing the Etymotic much more often because of its naturalness, soundstage and extremely flat FR. I'm quite sure that if I had discovered the Etymotic a few years earlier, I would have probably saved a couple of 1000 bucks, because for me, it makes many balanced/neutral-ish headphones obsolete. But who knows, at least this headphone hobby is entertaining.
Oh well, sometimes (or should I better say most of the time?) an "ideal" frequency response that matches one's personal preferences is much more important than technical superiority.
Yes, that Fostex is a true gem for little money (I rather hate to say that something "punches clearly above its price" and there are extremely few 'phones (maybe 4, 5 in total of the ones I've got) on which this could be applied, and not many of them are priced sub $50, but imho that could be very well applied to the Fostex which is about the only sub $50 IEM that I consider as easily playing two to three times above its price). If there was a version with three-button remote control for iOS devices, it would be the perfect low budget IEM for me for running and other sports.
That Fostex actually deserves an own thread if it doesn't have one already.
By the way, another very interesting and technically strong IEM with a neutral-ish signature and relaxed middle treble is the FLC Technology FLC8S with grey [ULF], clear [LF], gunmetal [MF/HF] filters. There are many things I like about it. A review with some FR plots is about to follow in the next few months.