So the gist of it is I believe, that hifiman is going after a more lush sound with the 400i and a more airy spacious signature with the 560. That it if these comments are accurate and believe that they are.
I prefer a darker more lush signature, so this is just fantastic news for me. The 400i will be right in my comfort zone. I have always loved the signature of the he500 but weight and price have always put me off from it. Now, if hifiman can pull this off and put the sound of the he500 in a lighter more comfortable package. That would be exciting stuff indeed.
It is still unclear if Hifiman is going for total product segment differentiation or if these phones represent more of a generational change. Because the aesthetics and features are so similar between all their products, there is nothing to sell on aside from sound quality, really.
Here is an attempt to summarize (make your own suggestions)
HE-400 $400 Fang claims "JBL-like" sound, double-sided driver. Somewhat recessed upper midrange highlights bass and treble. Tizz, sibilance noted. Noted for bass depth, texture, and punch. Much beloved value-leader in Headphonia. Apparent damping issues addressed with modded pleather pads, or use of velour pads.
HE-4 $450 - "First V-Shaped" frequency response, single-sided Driver, according to Headphonia. Have been described as superior to the HD-650s and HE-400s overall by Thujone ('equal to the HE-500s', aggressive, fast, and natural) - if less efficient.
HE-400i (unreleased) $500 "Electrostat / Abyss / HE-500-like" sound, single-sided driver. New sound and higher price may or may not place it as a good value. Will efficiency exceed the HE-400? HE-500 comparison invites possibility that V-Shape will not be present. Early indications (IMO) are that they risk more distortion, and will be 'fast'. Too fast?
HE-500 $700 "European-like / warmer / natural" sound, double-sided driver, Lush midrange, tame-er treble. Well balanced sound wins over Tyll. Too expensive to be accessible to all, but too cheap to not be outstanding value in high-end phones. Less efficient. Fang comments that HE-500 offers a similar sonic signature to the HE-6 with less expensive amps, albeit with less ultimate resolution.
HE-560 (unreleased) $900 "HE-6-like" sound, Single-sided driver, more open. Higher efficiency helps negate need for massive amps. Few have probably heard an HE-6, so this phone is hardest to 'guess'. But frequent comparison to HE-500 online beg the question - is it outselling the HE-400? Is that the sonic signature the founder prefers? Is that the signature 'the market' is preferring?
HE-6 $1200 "Flagship" noted for slightly elevated treble, tizz. Probably lowest distortion outside of HE-500. Fang comments that HE-6 pushes driver to 'limit', with trade-off being low efficiency - but, HE-6 can offer ultimate performance given the right equipment.
If both the 400i and 560 are are taking, as starting points, the HE-500 and HE-6, then it would seem Hifiman is trying to go up the performance ladder at lower price points. Given that Fang himself considers the HE-500 not totally unlike the HE-6, it would seem that the HE-500 represents sonic goals. This is a good thing, as that should indicate tamer treble and a more balanced overall sound signature. If even the HE-6 has been noted for a willingness to play up treble, I expect somewhat aggressive sound. But clearly, Hifiman is sort of"filling in pricing gaps" left between models. Summarizing in very simple terms what each can's claim to fame has been does not make a compelling case for choosing one model over another . . .
But the real critical change is the switch (or, I guess, return) to single-sided drivers, and I think that speed is going to be the biggest sonic change, though I am not sure those what with more experience with Hifiman's product range would say about the differences in sound between models, typically. Perhaps this is an evolution of the previous single-sided designs, to be followed in the coming years with more double-sided cans.