It's not impedance-related but has something to do with the DAP's SNR (signal-to-noise-ratio) under load.
The FLC8s is a quite sensitive in-ear, hence you will hear the hiss (this is what this "pink/white noise-like sound" you are hearing is called).
I would suggest to get the iFi Audio iEMatch adapter to get rid of the hiss.
While it is primarily the result of the player's SNR, is that correct that it isn't impedance related? I'm not an expert on these things but for some reason I thought very low impedance IEM's (as well as high sensitivity ones) were more likely to exhibit the noise. Isn't the item you linked an impedance adapter? I've never had any hiss with my FLC8S, but I do have an issue using them with my phone as even the first volume stop is too loud, and I have to lower the pre-amp setting in Power Amp to solve the problem.
First things first (I know it's not what you asked, but I've seen it coming up sometimes lately): the hiss is in no direct relation with the player's output impedance. Expecting a DAP with a low output impedance to have no/only little hiss (or sometimes the other way round) would not be accurate. A purposefully implemented high(er) output impedance will of course lower the player's power output and therefore also positively influence the SNR, but only knowing whether a player has got a high or low output impedance tells you nothing about how hissy it will be with a really sensitive in-ear (I'm especially thinking of IEMs with a straight impedance response whose frequency response isn't influenced by the player's OI which might of course accentuate/waken some frequency ranges which might also influence the amount of hiss one is hearing).
Now to your question, pt. 1:
Knowing the IEMs' sensitivity, the IEMs' resistance and the player's power output, the volume the player-IEM-combo is able to put out can be calculated. The higher the impedance, the lower the total volume will be (despite identical stated sensitivity). There was/is a nice article about it on the official Shure Blog.
(Assuming that I'm not talking total bullsh!t,) If the actual volume output through the IEMs were lower at the same settings, the player's output power would have to be increased (increasing the volume with the player's volume control) to reach the same loudness which would also result in a somewhat improved SNR (assuming that the amount of hiss is not dependent on the volume setting of course).
So yes, two in-ears with the same stated sensitivity but different impedance would not unveil the very same amount of hiss if I'm not mistaking.
However, one also needs to keep in mind that the player's measured performance is also load-dependent, so it might measure worse in terms of THD, SNR, crosstalk etc. with a lower load impedance.
Pt. 2:
A pure impedance adapter (all of those cables with a mechanical volume rocker are basically adjustable resistors) works well to lower the sensitivity and improve the SNR, however only with headphones and IEMs that have a flat impedance response or an impedance that is much much higher than the added resistance. All in-ears and headphones with a varying impedance response (the vast majority of multi-driver in-ears, however also some single-driver in-ears and usually also full-sized headphones with a not-so-high impedance) would suffer from a skewed tonality when used with a pure impedance adapter.
For example, the UE Triple.Fi 10 and Audio Technica ATH-IM03 would loose treble and become warm + dark whereas the InEar StageDiver SD-2 and FLC8s would become brighter (the latter is however much more tolerant to increased output impedance compared to the others). When it comes to full-sized headphones, the Sennheiser HD 598 would for example become quite bassy when used with an impedance adapter.
In-Ears and headphones with a flat impedance response (IE 800, HE-400, LCD-X, ...) would put out the same frequency response with an impedance adapter as they would with a very low impedance output.
The good thing about the iFi adapter is that it is not a purely resistance-based adapter - I have no idea what it does exactly, but this tech is also implemented to the micro iDSD. With the highest damping setting, the OI with it gets only increased by ~ 1.4 Ohms whereas in the medium setting, it is around 4/5 Ohms (I'm still referring to the micro iDSD here, but it is safe to assume that the iEMatch adapter cable works identically and doesn't increase the impedance much while the sensitivity gets audibly lowered).
If all of this/a part of this was nonsense, please correct me.