Well, it really depends, there are tons of ways your earphones can be exposed to abnormally loud blasts of music/sounds.
1. Plugging your low impedence earphones into a source perhaps a computer , we know sound cards are able to drive full size speakers, hence what may seem to be low volume on the pc controls, ,may turn out to be extremely loud on your earphones.
2. Having your earphones plugged directly into the iphone. For the iphone the ringer and music volume controls are separate and if your ringer is normally set to max/near max volume, even though you may be listening to the music at perhaps 20% volume, in the eventuality that anyone calls , the ringer comes on it will be at 100% and this is extremely loud for low impedence earphones where at 0 volume there is still sound.
The list goes on and on lol.
The question is simple - Low impedence earphones, blasted by accident on high volumes , can the drivers take the strain? Because I know that speakers can be blown from playing overly loud music.