A disc player, playing in real time, will never tell you it did not succeed to read all the data. What will be missed will be replaced by for such a case "preloaded" error correction system - different for CD, different for CD-R - and further variations from make to make and model to model.
CD mat makes sure this error correction is triggered as few times as possible - so that what is "100% retrieved data" is actually approaching 100% and not ( 100 - X )%, that X which could not be read properly being an average , based on the last succession of the properly read 0s and 1s, supplied by one type or another of error correction system INSTEAD of the proper data. It is this where the improvement by using a CD mat is stemming from.
Take any CD and put it on any of your fingers that support it with one finger alone. Than flicker the edge of the CD with a fingernail of the other hand. LISTEN to the resonance this produces. You will need quiet environment for this.
The mechanical amplitude of this resonance is greater than is the pit size. If the laser optics has to constantly "hunt" for focus - the errors are so to speak prescribed.
By playing the disc in as resonance free mode as possible, optics has MUCH easier time, produces less data dropouts and thus injects less "guessed" replacement data supplied by error correction.
Is that so hard to understand ?