Sonywalkmanuser
Headphoneus Supremus
Here is a simpler way to look at it. This square waves is the digital pulses that S-Master generated. Which is amplified by class D output (green) , so it is an amplified Square Waves again. Not analog signals yet. This amplified pulses will need to pass through the Low Pass Filter to become analog signals
So, by limiting the amplitudes of the Red pulses, the amplified factor of the Green pulses will be directly effected (FE, 2x3 or 1x3, if you take that the class D is always a factor of 3). However, the Red pulses will determine the dynamic range, floor noises, distortions ….where as the green one is a determinations on the total loudness.
High gain is an option to use higher voltage to feed the Green pulses and make it bigger, louder. Volume control steps is controlled from here as well, so whenever you reach beyond 85%, you may start hearing the clicks sound due to the ladder of voltage being fed toward this stage . This has nothing to do with the Red one being capped, so you will still be getting 120 volume ladders but with less dynamic range, less loudness….a direct sound degradation
I think this video(at 8sec) shows a good example of how jitter/errors/noise at the red side directly affects the output of the digital amp:
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