IMO the Asiana accident was a direct result of the cultural aspects of the airline. Specifically, the hierarchy of command is enforced by cultural norms. In this case, the captain in the left seat was receiving instruction from an instructor/check airman in the right seat. Therefore, the pilot in the right seat had absolute authority in the eyes of the pilot in the left seat.
In all fairness, US and European airlines had the "captain is God" mentality up until the 15-20 years ago.
I couldn't find the exact numbers so I'm going from memory here, but in roughly 75% of airline accidents the captain was the pilot who was flying the aircraft. With that in mind, my airline now recommends that the first officer conduct the landing if there's an emergency in progress. We now more fully utilize the experience and skill of our FOs, as we should. Very frequently my FO has more flying time in our particular aircraft. Why wouldn't I utilize him/her to the fullest extent possible??
Unlike Asiana, my airline explicitly empowers the FO to call for a missed approach/go-around if something doesn't seem right.
An aspect of CRM (Crew Resource Management for non-aviation folks) that we've added in the last few years is the concept of threat and error management (TEM). In its simplest form, before every takeoff and landing we discuss potential threats and how we intend to mitigate them. It seems obvious, but it's taken a long time for us to get here.
The timing of the 'God' complex is interesting. I maaaaay have told this story before:
In the early years of this millennium, I was elected as Treasurer of the International Aerobatic Club - the USA's sanctioning body for aerobatics and selection the US teams in World competition. As with most volunteer organizations the sections for roles are staggered, and President was on the 'off' year for Treasurer.
As it happened, we lost our then current president before I had attended a Board meeting and met many of the other Board members.
The procedure when a president resigns early is to choose form the existing Board members. Here's a how-de-do; how do I vote for someone?
Fortunately, I sought advice from an old friend (also ex-pres of the same organization). We had a call. "How should we do this?" I asked. "Why not go through the members and I'll tell you my experiences of working with them" says Dick.
We start the list.
"Airline Captain! says Dick with some vehemence."
Hmm, thinks I. That would be good, but I ask in a cautious tone exactly what he means.
"Sits in the left seat, says 'Put the wheels up.' 'Get the coffee.' 'Put the wheels down.' Not good at team working, or taking input, says Dick."
We continue down the list. There are a number of "Airline Captain" rejoinders as one might expect of such an organization. The ones without the exclamation mark were Ok, and we choose one of them. He and I had the task of turning round an organization that was on a steep downward slope and in parallel organizing the (unfunded) 2003 World Aerobatics Championship in FL in 2003. Gerry Molidor turned out to be a United Check Captain and one of the nicest people I know. There were a couple of each breed and I see posts from one of the exclamation points on FB regularly and it always makes me smile.
Things have changed. The women I knew who were fliers, and Captains rarely exhibited that trait, nor do the newer generation of left seaters - at least it's a rarity now rather than the norm.