thanks for the article
do I have it right?
they have developed a new algorithm for converting digital to analogue that encompasses more points of adjustment over a longer time domain and this transformation is added to the d/a chain to improve the sound over the source-->dave-->earphone chain.
thanks
Jeff
I would phrase it differently. See if this is helpful:
What does a digital PCM file give you? Essentially amplitudes (heights of the waveform) at fixed intervals, say 44,100 times a second.
If you draw this out, you won't get the original waveform back. You get a series of rectangles, 44,100 of them per second.
To render this into a waveform, you need filtering -- to smooth out the rectangles if you will.
This can be done entirely in analog (and NOS DACs do this), but getting high precision out of analog is hard.
So most designs upsample to a higher rate -- i.e. get more rectangles per second -- to make the final analog stage easier.
But how to do this upsampling? From Whittaker-Shannon interpolation, we know that at any point in the timeline can be calculated, assuming the original waveform that was sampled was < 1/2 the sampling rate (known as the Nyquist rate). This calculation requires convolution with an infinite sinc function. That's the challenge -- it is hard to do a calculation to infinity (except as a mathematical expression on paper)!
So inevitably, every actual realized upsampling process uses an approximation. And every approximation has some sort of error -- sometimes people trade off one type of filter for another bec they prefer the sound of one type of error over another.
The approach of DAVE, Blu2, etc. is to try to approximate the sinc function as closely as possible by using longer and longer filters. As the filter gets longer, it gets closer to the ideal infinite filter. The contribution of the Blu2 M-scaler is to add a really big 1 million tap length filter compared to the state-of-the-art before the M-scaler. The M-scaler outputs a 705.6/768kHz upsampled stream calculated with the 1MM tap filter.