is it because of driver issue or others? I am puzzled why the dap used as desktop DAC have latency.
You can control the buffer setting to improve the latency lag, a smaller buffer will reduce the lag, and a larger buffer will improve the jitter at the expense of longer delay or audio lag.
(pardon me for using an old photo from N8ii thread)
The lip-sync/lag/delay is caused by the Asynchronous USB transmission for USB Audio. This will involve adding a data buffer between the DAC and your computer so it will not synchronize with the video screen of your computer accurately. This will affect the user experience when lip-syn (movie, MTV) or special sound effects (computer game) is an important feature. This is a design constraint, we can completely eliminate the delay because it is a natural outcome of asynchronous transmission.
To explain the concept of asynchronous USB transmission, I shall quote the following explanation on
asynchronous USB for discussion purposes:
"Asynchronous USB (not to be confused with asynchronous sample rate conversion) uses a clock housed near the dac (usually in the external dac’s casing) and allows it to drive the converter directly, thereby not relying on the instable computer’s clock. It is called asynchronous because the DAC’s master clock isn’t synchronized directly to any clocks within the computer. Instead, the DAC is controlled by a (potentially high-precision) fixed-frequency clock. This clock controls the datastream from the computer to a buffer near the DA converter."
I would like to draw your attention to two issues in this explanation:
- the DAC’s master clock isn’t synchronized directly to the clock of the digital source (a computer in most cases)
- This controls the data stream from the computer to a buffer near the DA converter
In other words, the audio signal processing is deliberately "disconnected" from the computer clock but the video display remains connected to the computer clock, so the video and audio are not synchronized by nature. In addition, we have to provide a data buffer in the audio circuit to hold the audio data stream from the computer. The buffer will inevitably cause delays in the audio signal with reference to the non-buffered video signal. For the record, IEE1394 Firewire was considered the only acceptable option to connect a computer device to high-end audio back in the 90s, USB was not considered acceptable as those were the time when USB connection was operated in synchronized mode and the extremely high jitter and occasional drop out is considered unacceptable by an audiophile. The Asynchronous USB transmission has solved these inherited problems and gradually replaced the IEEE1394 Firewire connection in high-end audio, it become the necessary (but not sufficient) criteria to use USB for high-quality audio applications.
If you cross-check with other audio manufacturers, the following video from Cambridge Audio explained the various options (synchronous, adaptive, and asynchronous) briefly.
Additional references are available
HERE,
HEREand
HERE. I hope we can accept the industrial consent that Asynchronous USB transmission is the appropriate choice for a Digital Audio Player.