Gen3 Nutube 6P1 vacuum tube circuit: Tri-Timber applicable to all analog outputs
Looking back at history, Cayin's N8 was the first portable product to incorporate Nutube 6P1. We developed a proprietary shock absorption structure to minimize microphonic effects. The warm, euphonic, and rich sound quality of vacuum tubes gained popularity among many audiophiles.
Based on the success of N8, we have developed the C9 portable headphone amplifier that applied our proprietary negative feedback to the Nutube 6P1 timbre circuit, resulting in significant improvements in linearity, frequency extension, and transparency. Our current flagship N8ii followed this approach with minor adjustments, and both implementations were well received.
When there are alternatives, there will be preference, and there will be demands for something that is absent on the table. No worries, The N30LE caters to cover different preferences.
The N30LE is equipped with two independent audio circuits, offering two distinct styles of Nutube 6P1 vacuum tube timbre we called them “Modern” and “Classic”. This means that those who prefer a lush, warm listening experience can choose the Classic mode. For users who require greater fidelity and need to balance both listening experience and audio performance, and like a transparent and lively sound, the Modern tube timbre is the ideal choice. We believe in actual use, users who mainly listen to vocals will particularly appreciate the “Classic” option, while those who listen to more instrumental music might prefer the “Modern” option. The choice depends on the user's preferences. When users connect their headphones to N30LE, they can switch among three timbre options (two tube modes and one solid-state mode) based on their personal preferences for listening, headphone type, music content, etc.
The tube timbre circuit adopts a three-stage amplification structure. The first stage is a buffer amplifier composed of Toshiba's low-noise JFET. The second stage is the Nutube 6P1 tube circuit amplification, which provides the main voltage gain for the audio circuit and is the core that determines the timbre and sonic experience. The third stage is a buffer driver composed of Toshiba's low-noise JFET, which improves the driving capability of the entire timbre circuit.
With Classic Nutube Mode, there is no looped negative feedback, and each stage works independently through local feedback control, with the total gain determined by the accumulation of each stage's gain. The Nutube circuit amplification introduced its unique “distortion” to the amplifier circuit, resulting in higher total harmonic distortion (THD) and distinctive harmonic distortion that is typical to tube amplification, offering a rich, lush, and euphonic presentation. (Representative products from Cayin's previous lineup: N8, N3Pro)
With Modern Nutube Mode, it introduces a looped negative feedback system that determines the total gain through the negative feedback circuit. By introducing inter-stage loop negative feedback, the THD distortion of the total output is significantly reduced, and the harmonic distortion pattern is more in line with modern high-fidelity requirements. It is not as tubey as the Classis Nutube mode but it works well with modern gears and recordings. (Representative products from the previous lineup: C9, N8ii)
We have mentioned applicable to all analog outputs in the very beginning. All analog outputs include PO (Phone output), LO (Line out), and Pre (Preamplifier). Whether it is power amplification or voltage level amplification, and includes both single-ended and balanced outputs. In previous Cayin products, vacuum tube timbre could only be achieved through PO output. N30LE is the first DAP that allows us to use Nutube audio circuits across all analog outputs. For users who use N30LE as an analog front-end, this means they can choose different timbre based on music genre and connecting equipment, to better match and reproduce the original sound.