JaZZ
Headphoneus Supremus
It's not necessarily just harmonic distortion that defines the spectrum of the causes for an amplifier's specific sound characteristic, but the signal corruption is clearly audible, also in defined test configurations. I've done quite a bit of tests with headphone amps in the past, since I was curious about the degree and the way amplifiers alter the sound. Now your postulated «driving ability» of an amp without any technical background is a bad argument. The Hugo's (and Mojo's and DAVE's) output stage is as capable in driving headphones as it gets. While I acknowledge a theoretical possiblity that there are technically even better headphone amps around, that doesn't change the fact that reamplifying a signal can't improve it. I leave the «driving abilty» out, since it has no meaning as long as you don't specify it. In any event, the Chord DAC output stages offer one of the main preconditions for an excellent driving ability: extremely low output impedance – guaranteeing maximum damping factor.
don't want to start a debate here on this, but I respectfully disagree on the above. theoretical things and practical things are unfortunately very different when it comes to reality.
theoretically it is true that less amplification stages = less distorsion (in the wider sense of the word, i.e. difference between the input signal and the output signal), but this is only the theory before you apply a load to your amplifier. in this sense, for example, the best way to driive a speaker is the output stage of a cd (I'm just expanding the concept to be clear).
when you apply a real, maybe reactive, load, things start to change. you said the Dave output is able to drive an headphones, if I read it correctly the Dave output is 1.4W @32ohm @1%THD , but there are many reports of people finding it much better to drive their HEK with the speakers taps, so maybe 5W or more.
and that's only if we consider THD, what about IMD? what about other dynamic distorsion?
to keep the story short: my point is, depending on the load, can be true that more amplification stages = less distorsion, simply because less amplification stages THAN NECESSARY FOR THE LOAD are generating more distorsion than the theoretical one. so I have no problem in believing that the Dave can drive with authority and without "coloration" an Utopia. but from my experience HEK (and the like hps) need more "robust" amplification.
Hi phaeton
Your objections make sense, but are still just theoretical apart from your personal impressions which contradict mine: I've never heard the HE1000 sound better than from my DAVE (and the Hugo before it). I'm confident that intermodulation distortion with Chord DACs is equally low as harmonic distortion – not sure if I've seen the figures anywhere, after all the tests show exemplary measuring results for the newer-generation Chord DACs. So what's left in terms of possibly lacking driving abilities in view of reactive loads? I've tried a few amps with Chord DACs, and in my configuration the difference is night and day in every single case in favor of the direct drive. Like with earlier posters your objections come from a starting position that differs from mine in that it doesn't take amplifier coloration and synergetic effects into account which may be responsible for the subjective superiority of the amplifier route.
As mentioned, my experiments have shown me that apart from gain the contribution of a headphone amp roughly consists of euphonic colorations and forgivingness. Even a low-impedance line output (Theta Pro basis II, later Bel Canto DAC2) is capable of driving uncritical headphones (the 300-Ω HD650 in my case, later the HD 800) better than any amp attached to it – in terms of all sound-quality criteria that come to mind –, irrespective of the oh so critical reactive loads. At that time I nevertheless preferred to use a headphone amp instead, as it provided a more organic and musical sound, despite the technical inferiority and lower transparency. Meanwhile that has changed fundamentally, with the Bel Canto DAC2 that I still own. Two reasons: The sound from the Theta was rather dry and overly «digital», so it was a bad choice for the unforgiving direct connection. The Bel Canto was much better in this respect, therefore I switched to the direct connection now and then. Well, meanwhile I don't listen to CDs anymore, and that goes parallel to having a free equalizer at my disposal: the one in my FiiO X5 (II) and xnor's 31-band equalizer for foobar 2000. When I switch back from the DAVE to the Bel Canto under this premise, I clearly prefer the direct connection to the detour via my formerly preferred headphone amp, the Corda Symphony.
There are some audiophiles – here on Head-Fi – who swear by high-efficiency speakers driven by the DAVE and even the Hugo. Chord's mastermind Rob Watts also belongs to them. They never heard their speakers sound better. That goes to show how uncritical relatively short power reserves are and how dispensable excessive power. I would like to hear it myself, but am not into speakers anymore (I was a fanatic speaker builder in the past). In any event, I firmly believe that amps are overrated. That's not to say that some don't sound clearly better and more neutral and accurate than others. I'm still a big fan of my (modified) Metaxas Solitaire Speaker amp – solely from memory.