Yeah, I was consulting that last night. I have read it before. I can't imagine what fear that would strike into a beginner. That is something that needs at least two days to digest with an engineering notebook. I find it a cachaphony of do's and don't's so confusing that the logical conclusion is to throw one's arms in the air and admit defeat before you start.
Anyway, once I found the lips of the RCA connector washers, all is good. On any continent. And I am grounding my chassis to earth. Nothing else inside will be electrically connected to chassis. Why have a 3 prong plug if you are not going to ground the metal? Pretty sure that is a UL violation.
I would suggest exercising much caution with grounding and wiring. Remember, you will be running an electrical connection from the amplifier to a pair if transducers (headphones) clamped onto your head!!!
DISCLAIMER: This post is NOT submitted as a wiring guide and/or advice, professional or otherwise! What follows is simply a casual expression of a few thoughts about grounding from my own personal perspective. The contents of this post is submitted only in the interest of entertaining the reader's intellectual curiosity. I am NOT advising you or anyone else reading this posting to pursue any particular wiring and/or grounding scheme or approach based on my personal ideas an/or opinions expressed herein.
I do, however, suggest great caution and further study be undertaken, regardless of whatever you (or anyone else who is not a qualified electronics expert) may personally decide to do with
one's own equipment wiring
/grounding
.
Here's a "thumbnail sketch" of the kind of grounding approach I tend to take
:
I
always connect the green ground wire from the AC mains solidly/directly to the chassis at a point closely adjacent to the AC mains inlet/connector. I use proper and secure connecting hardware, and as short of a length of wire length as reasonably practical. I never attach this ground connection to a screw or bolt which can be loosened and/or removed from the outside (user accessible) area of the chassis.
I almost always utilize only a single signal and HV-supply ground connection point to the chassis in the immediate vicinity of the first (input) stage device.
I most often use (in point-to-point wired tube amplifiers) a "signal-follows-ground" main ground-bus consisting of a large (12 or 10 AWG ) solid wire which connects first (on one end) to the HV-supply B-minus connection, and then (sequentially) back along to the output device/s, then on to the driver stage/s, then on to the lower level voltage stage/s, and finally on to the very first tube/device in the amplifier, where I then connect this one end of the main ground-bus solidly to the chassis: this is my signal and HV-supply chassis grounding point.
If the amplifier uses an audio output transformer, I
always connect/ground one side of the secondary winding (audio output) directly and solidly to the amplifier chassis in the vicinity of the headphone jacks. IMO, this is a prudent precaution so that if the output transformer short-circuits internally, then the high voltage from the primary winding will tend to shunt into ground and thereby (hopefully) immediately blow the mains fuse, and (hopefully) NOT electrify the headphones --yikes!
I tend to locally insulate all input RCA jacks from the chassis by utilizing insulated washers/bushings. I generally gang the grounds of all of the RCA input jacks together with a short local ground-bus or ground-plane. I then run a
single (fairly heavy gauge) input-ground wire (this one wire carries a unified ground connection for all L & R inputs ) from the input jack ground-bus/plane directly to a connection on the main ground-bus at a point in the vicinity of the volume control and/or first amplification stage's ground connection. This point is, as previously mentioned, being directly adjacent to where the main ground-bus connects directly to the amplifier chassis.
IMO, it's far better to err on the side of caution, and not to violate established electrical codes an/or known best/proper practices when wiring/grounding equipment.
If a piece of gear is wired properly, it will be safe to use
and not have any ground-loop hum problems.
Trying to be clever and "reinvent the wheel" in an effort to avoid ground loops, IMO, is risky and irresponsible, and should be considered "a fools picnic" --big time!
Anyone not very familiar/experienced with electronics wiring, I would strongly suggest they seek a qualified electronics expert to look over the planned wiring/grounding scheme carefully BEFORE the wiring/assembly process begins.
What one can get away with when building small battery-powered units having low supply voltages, you usually cannot do when building gear which is connected to the AC mains and/or has dangerously high operating/supply voltages.: A WIRING FAULT OR ERROR CAN KILL YOU (OR SOMEONE ELSE) DEAD --INSTANTLY!!!
Okay, I'm starting to sound like a lawyer (I'm not), or someone's dad (also not)....
Seriously though,
BE CAREFUL!