in principle, changing the digital volume level changes the bits in the file and reduces the maximum bit depth by how much you reduce it in windows. so there is at least a measurable impact to using digital volume.
now for most practical purposes, even a 16bit file has 96db of dynamic while even the most dynamic songs I have don't go much past 65db. so most of the time you won't hear any difference unless you really reduce by a crazy value. if you set set your amp at normal loudness and then use windows for fine tuning in daily life, you're fine. I know it's what I do because I'm lazier than I am bit perfect obsessed ^_^. in fact in a few specific instances, lowering the digital volume(moderately) can help mitigate other problems with files or with amps.
if you want a little extra reassurance, set your output to 24bit(doesn't matter if the music isn't and it doesn't degrade anything). that way you get even less risk to lose bits in the process and can be lazy with peace of mind