Wow there's a lot of points to cover here:With the spirit of learning and some good-natured ribbing I have to give you a bit of a hard time here because you also declared the sub $20 single-DD Libra as your favorite out of everything you own, which includes some sets in the 200-300 range. (I think it was the libra... maybe it was EDC Pro?) When it comes to the AS24 I'm just too broke to try it for the time being, so I don't want to sound sour grapes - maybe it is better than ZS12. But if it is, may I ask in what way(s) is it better? My sense is that you rate everything about 90% based on tonality preference against a fixed list of your personal song favorites and then about 10% on other factors. It would also be interesting to learn what's in the rest of your audio chain. If AS24 is just better for you in tonality that doesn't really mean much for the rest of us. I already have the perfect FR for free in EQ on several sets.
As for the ZS12 I don't own anything else that is both as resolving and as musical at the same time while also being more/less tonally correct. They lack some energy in the upper mids to be perfect for me, but it's a small nit that's easy to overlook. Even with that, it's a cage match between ZS12, Castor Harman, and the Vader HiRes for what I'd consider to be "best". I'd have to give it to the ZS12 by a hair, but I actually prefer listening to the Castor Harman by the same and entirely subjective teensy amount, and most of that reason comes down to what I perceive to be an improvement in soundstage over the other pairs. So best doesn't necessarily mean a personal favorite, nor does it mean better in all the various categories.
AS24 is that product in KZs catalog, where they try to convince buyers that more drivers == more sound quality. I remain very skeptical about that basic assumption, but I haven't tried it, either.
Quick aside: there's a trio of DAC tweaks in the PowerDAC that allows the digital processing to be configured for attack, delay, and what they call "energy" which has a really unique trick to tweak what seems like a very slight change in gain on the edge of the nodes during the attack. In practical terms, this means that if you have a pair of IEM like the BA10 that sound just a smidge dry and have that characteristic fast decay of balanced-armatures, that sound profile can be improved by lengthening the duration of the attack and the decay inside the DAC to make them more "musical", or more "wet". That exact difference is what I hear between ZS12 and the BA10s. The updated BAs really do seem like an improvement. Speaking for myself, I have faith that the AS24 Pro is undoubtedly good from a hardware perspective, just not 5x the price better to warrant the expense when I already love the cheapies.
Yes, it was the Libra Balanced that won a perfect score on my first scoring test that was based on scoring the IEMs on how well they sounded on their own, running though a generic dongle from Amazon from my phone. [a layman's test, so to speak.]
The second test I'm doing is specifically pitting IEMs against each other to determine a ranked order of greatness. I'm pulling out all the stops here: Using the best cables I have, best tips, my Fiio KA5 for a source. I'm still mainly choosing them based on SOUND, but if it's a near tie, I usually factor in how adjustable the sound is on a earphone. If one has switches or filters and one doesn't, I am more inclined to weigh that in its favor.
How is the AS24 better than ZS12? IT sounds more airy, detailed, and spacious. It has a plethora switches that means you can REALLY fine-tune the sound to your liking. The ZS12 is still awesome and you can get it for $30 in Ali which is a crazy deal. The AS24 might be slightly overpriced, but when powered correctly and tuned right [assuming you got the switch model] I think nothing else in the KZ/CCA line that I've tried can really touch it [have not tried the Pro model] It has enough bass but not an overbearing amount like the Trio, it has far better mids than the Castors, and better stage and treble air than the ZS12.