I will throw a can of worms here
I have been very enthusiastic about these matters and always try to find out the “how” , the “why” and finally, the “will it”
My conclusions are very solid in this matters and hence you don’t see me much in R2R or looking forward to it.
The How : R2R relying on resistors ladder values to convert binary into voltages . Then it gets converted by algorithms from the other chips
The Why : because people ask for it. There are huge demands for it
The will it : Will it sound superior to other systems ? It is personal preferences. But let’s say, I have compared desktop to desktop systems. The R2R is behind in many aspects. But it can bring it magic similar to how MP3 will bring music. You don’t know exactly what is missing, until you know and realize them. But it isn’t as obvious as MP3 in comparison to 24/192Khz file quality. What it is lacking is the micro dynamic, the edges textures, the extensions of the reverberations…etc..However, it has it own magic as I mentioned, the distortions and corrections can be very musical and resembling the classical Analog systems. Especially when it is slightly tuned with a V-Shaped filters
I then researched some very interesting facts that resistors have very high error tolerances, and typically is 0.05% . This isn’t enough for high resolutions calculations from high fidelity algorithms. Therefore, there would be a lot of curving up/down the values that the resistors sees and puts out.
Because of these curves, for example, like we used to learn in grade school and decimal that you could curve up anything higher than 0.5 to be the value of 1 and anything below 0.5 to be the value of 0!!!
Also because of the curves, the operational temperatures will also change the values from the resistors. It is no longer seeing a values of 0.4mV but rather seeing 0.5mV. Therefore instead of rounding down to 0, now it is rounding up to 1. The exactly reason why you will see R2R to be effecting vastly by temperature. Other more experienced manufacturers such as MSB are using an enclosed housing with Thermal element to always government the inside temperature of each module to be at the most optimal temperature but it also needs time to warm up as well….it can be done…but at a cost
Finally, it can’t not get to the precision level of Silicons on waffles !! Which is essentially an integrated chip…AKA Any IC , such as AK4499EQ !!!! But then again, the reason why it is highly sought after is because of the distortions and noises. Music and sound are essentially distortions and noises, so analog systems are great to listen to, vacuum tubes….etc…same goes for R2R
But the kicker here is that despite being R2R or IC, they can only follow 2 topologies . Over sampling or Non Oversampling. People most often are confused between NOS with R2R and OS with IC which are not true.
Anyways, DAC topology is only a small chain, why ? Because they can, on the paper, exceed human limitations!!! The reasons why some older DAC back in the 90 of flagship tiers also have amazing sound !!!!
You then would ask, what really is the matter here ?
My answers : it is all about the analog tunings, from the power supply to the analog line filters, and finally toward the pre amplifications and last but not least, the amplification stages
After all of this, I can tell you only 1 conclusion, R2R or IC chips, they don’t matter….what matter is how it is being designed, tuned , integrated, pairing up or matching up to your own preferences and your gears
Wow, after all of that babbling and I arrived at the final conclusion “it is all about preferences”
. Now you see why I rarely post up anymore