Few questions for Cayin
* Is there any lag/delay when using it as USB Dac from computer - or is it just like using a desktop usb dac?
* Can the tubes be used with line out (h3pro > 3.5mm line out)
* Can the tubes be used in dac mode (computer usb > h3pro > 3.5mm line/headphone out)
My Fiio M11 Pro has some slight delay in USB which makes it difficult to use for gaming or music production. I know the Fiio M15 has an XMOS chip and I think it doesn't have any lag when used in dac mode.
The JAN6418 miniature tubes will only be used in 3.5mm phone out (when you set the output to Vacuum tube mode). You'll by pass the tubes when you use Line Out or USB Audio Out (N3Pro as digital source to an outboard DAC), but you can use it when your N3Pro is connected to a computer as USB DAC.
Yes, there will be delay when using N3Pro as USB DAC for your computer, this is inevitable when we adopt Asynchronous USB transmission for USB Audio. This will involve adding a data buffer between the DAC and your computer so it will not synchronized with the video screen of your computer accurately. This will affect the user experience when lip-syn (movie, MTV) or special sound effect (computer game) is an important feature. This is a design constraint, we can completely eliminate the delay because it is an natural outcome of asynchronous transmission.
To explain the concept of asynchronous USB transmission, I shall quote the following explanation on
asynchronous USB for discussion purpose:
"Asynchronous USB (not to be confused with asynchronous sample rate conversion) uses a clock housed near the dac (usually in the external dac’s casing) and allows it to drive the converter directly, thereby not relying on the instable computer’s clock. It is called asynchronous because the DAC’s master clock isn’t synchronized directly to any clocks within the computer. Instead, the DAC is controlled by a (potentially high-precision) fixed-frequency clock. This clock controls the datastream from the computer to a buffer near the DA converter."
I would like to draw your attention to two issues in this explanation:
- the DAC’s master clock isn’t synchronized directly to the clock of the digital source (a computer in most of the cases)
- This controls the datastream from the computer to a buffer near the DA converter
In other word, the audio signal processing is deliberately "disconnected" from the computer clock but the video display remain connected to the computer clock, so the video and audio are not synchronized by nature. In addition, we need to create a data buffer in the audio circuit in order to hold the audio datastream from the computer, and the buffer will inevitably caused delays in the audio signal with reference to the non-buffered video signal. For the record, IEE1394 Firewire was considered the only acceptable option to connect a computer device to an high end audio back in the 90s, USB was not consider acceptable as those were the time when USB connection was operated in synchronized mode and the extremely high jitter and occasional drop out is consider unacceptable by audiophile. The Asynchronized USB transmission has solved these inherited problem and gradually replaced the IEEE1394 Firewire connection in high-end audio, it become the necessary (but not sufficient) criteria to use USB for high quality audio application.
If you cross check with other audio manufacturers, the following video from Cambridge Audio explained the various options (synchronous, adaptive and asynchronous) briefly.
Additional reference are available
HERE,
HERE and
HERE. I hope we can accept the industrial consent that Asynchronous USB transmission is the appropriate choice for a Digital Audio Player.