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I want to know what the head-fi community thinks the best headphones are for use without dedicated amplification (i.e. out of an ipod or a PC's onboard sound). I am attaching a very broad poll, but feel free to add other suggestions. Headphones under $400 please.
Your poll is not nearly broad enough. You left out all of the Grados, even though Grados have an impedence of only 32 ohms and are famously easy to run right off an iPod. Because of the short ear/driver distance created by the comfy pads, the SR60s have plenty of bass to go with their lush mids. Where they fall short is in their roll-off highs (due to the comfy pads), which can be fixed by using bowls. The Grado SR225 is considered one of the best rock headphones out there, and it can be enjoyed right off an iPod. The SR325 is one of my favorites, though some consider it too sharp, in large part because of the aluminum and bowl-pad match-up. If you swap the bowls for flats, the 325 will amaze you.
All of my early Grados - the iGrado, the SR60, the SR80, the SR325 and the RS-1 - were enjoyed straight off my iPod. It wasn't until I purchased GS1000 that I went in search of an amp. That's because, with the jumbo pads, the ear/driver distance is so extended that the GS1000 can sound unnecessarily polite without an amp to bring up the bass. Even then, the GS1000 is noted for its bass (though its recessed mids are betters suited for symphonic material).
My SR225 has both sparkle and punch - without an amp. My HF2 has more of that punch - without an amp. My PS1000 - without any amp - sounds amped. It's the only headphone I've ever had where I could find myself wondering, if only for a moment, whether I plugged it into an amp. (With an amp, it makes the unamped presentation sound like a lesser headphone. While Grados run fine without an amp, they sing when amped properly.)
You omitted Grados but you included the K701 and the HD650? What were you thinking? Without a good amp, the K701 has such underwhelming bass that many complain of it as being "hollow" and "harsh" (something nobody says when the cans are properly amped). Without a good amp, the HD650 has a "veil." It needs power to bring out the HF.