open-backed heaphones/speakers != dipole. Dipole speakers actually have forward and backwards-firing drivers, that are operating out of phase with each other. This produces a "null" area where if you are facing such that the drivers are firing perpendicular to you (ie left and right), you'll get a very diffuse soundstage. This configuration is rarely used for main speakers, but is often used for surround speakers.
There are also bipolar speakers, which have forward and back-firing drivers that are _not_ out of phase. These don't have the "null" area like dipoles do, and are intended to have the front firing drivers aimed towards you with the back-firing drivers facing away (usually toward a wall). This configuration doesn't produce as diffuse of a sound as dipolar speakers, but it can give you a larger, more enveloping sound (at the cost of being less focused with regard to imaging).
If a headphone only has one driver per ear, it's not a dipole regardless of whether it's open/closed.