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Glenn Gould: Goldberg Variations
This is a great choice, but I think you have to point out that Gould recorded the Goldbergs twice, and the 1955 recording (his debut recording) is the place to start. It's the rare classical recording that is both immediately accessible and stunningly innovative. Gould's iconoclastic approach to tempo -- he played the work much, much faster than had previously been the standard -- sent shockwaves through the classical world. The second recording, from 1981, saw him reappraising his approach to tempo, and was one of his final recordings.
The 1955 recording is still one of the best-selling classical recordings of all time, and is a must, in my opinion, for any classical collection. I also recommend Angela Hewitt's stellar recording of the Goldbergs, from 2000 (I think.) She is wonderfully adept at keeping all of the contrapuntal lines in the music clear and distinct. Her reading is much more conservative (traditional?) than Gould's 1954 re-imagining of the work, but it is quite beautiful in its own right.
Edit:
Here are a few rock and jazz suggestions:
Jimmy Hendrix --
Are You Experienced. Possibly the greatest psychedelic rock record ever made, and a harbinger of hard rock and metal to come. This album is a virtual blueprint for guitar-driven hard rock, and rivals the Beatles' best work for sheer studio wizardry. But no one in the Beatles could play like Hendrix, and, in my opinion, no rock guitarist has in the intervening years. A founding document of classic rock as we know it.
The Beatles --
Abbey Road. If you love Pink Floyd, you'll eat this up, especially side two. Most of side two is an extended suite of songs that bleed from one into the next, and. taken together, they represent a high point of the Beatles' studio craft.
Abbey Road also contains "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something," arguably the two best songs George Harrison ever wrote, and proof that he could, when inspired, produce work on par with the best of Lennon and McCartney. There is something bittersweet about the fact that this was the Beatles' final studio recording.
Let It Be had been recorded earlier and then shelved, only to be released after
Abbey Road.It's always been a bit sad to me that
Abbey Road was not released last, since it was their last, and possibly their best, work.
The Rolling Stones --
Sticky Fingers. The Stones have long since turned into an embarrassing crew of aging poseurs, and their doddering mediocrity of the last 20 or more years makes it hard to understand why they are so highly regarded. A listen to
Sticky Fingers will tell you everything you need to know. "Brown Sugar," "Wild Horses," "Bitch," and "Dead Flowers" are all definitive mid-period Stones, from a time when they really did deserve to be called the world's greatest rock n roll band. "Can't You Hear Me Knockin'" is a kick in the teeth, with both Keith Richards and Mick Taylor at the top of their games. One of the greatest extended rock jams ever, and a snapshot of the Stones at their absolute zenith.
Miles Davis --
Kind of Blue Often called the greatest jazz album of all time,
Kind of Blue brings together a collection of musicians so great that the results are hardly a surprise. Davis is in top form, and he is supported by John Coltrane, Julian Adderley, Bill Evans, Wynton Kelly (Yep, Mr. Marsalis is named for him), Paul Chambers, and Jimmy Cobb. Every musician on the record is a legend, and
Kind of Blue is a dizzying introduction to their greatness, both individually and collectively. Sublimely easy to listen to,
Kind of Blue has introduced several generations of music fans to the greatness of jazz at its best.