dan1son
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IMAP is a mail transfer protocol. The two main ones for reading e-mail are POP3 and IMAP. Basically when you connect something like outlook express or thunderbird to your e-mail server it will need to connect to your server with one of those protocols.
POP3 is a very basic protocol which supports grabbing e-mail from the server. In the default setup it will download all of the e-mail and immediate delete it from the server. It does not support multiple folders or the idea of the messages being stored on the server for viewing purposes. So you basically tell the server, HEY I WANT MY MESSAGES, and it gives them to you and they are then stored on your computer. Again that's the basic setup, it's possible to have it store old messages even after you download them, and some servers support the idea of downloading just new headers, but it's not very good at it. It's also quite horrible at dealing with large numbers of messages.
IMAP is smarter. It supports the idea of folders (or multiple mailboxes). It also very nicely supports random access to messages. So you can download just the subjects and pick the one you want to read and it'll send you just that data. The messages will then stay stored on the server and can be organized in useful ways. Think of it like storing files on a remote server... you can grab whatever you want at any time without downloading everything else. It works just fine with large numbers of messages and large numbers of message folders.
Either of these is only useful, in regards to gmail, if you're using your own e-mail client. The biggest reason this is handy for google is because now people with iPhones can use mail.app to read their google mail through IMAP instead of using the craptastic web gmail on the iPhone.
POP3 is a very basic protocol which supports grabbing e-mail from the server. In the default setup it will download all of the e-mail and immediate delete it from the server. It does not support multiple folders or the idea of the messages being stored on the server for viewing purposes. So you basically tell the server, HEY I WANT MY MESSAGES, and it gives them to you and they are then stored on your computer. Again that's the basic setup, it's possible to have it store old messages even after you download them, and some servers support the idea of downloading just new headers, but it's not very good at it. It's also quite horrible at dealing with large numbers of messages.
IMAP is smarter. It supports the idea of folders (or multiple mailboxes). It also very nicely supports random access to messages. So you can download just the subjects and pick the one you want to read and it'll send you just that data. The messages will then stay stored on the server and can be organized in useful ways. Think of it like storing files on a remote server... you can grab whatever you want at any time without downloading everything else. It works just fine with large numbers of messages and large numbers of message folders.
Either of these is only useful, in regards to gmail, if you're using your own e-mail client. The biggest reason this is handy for google is because now people with iPhones can use mail.app to read their google mail through IMAP instead of using the craptastic web gmail on the iPhone.