Apps don't necessarily alter sound. They may have filters that can be turned on or off that do process the sound, but in a lot of cases, the digital audio passes through the same playback system as if you weren't using the app. Every app on my Mac passes the sound through Apple's own audio processor, and yes, they do all sound identical with no processing applied.
I can hear a difference between all players, so far. The quest for the best player goes on. Tidal's default is the least bad of streaming services I've tried so far. My favorite player is Audirvana. It sounds the least of all like there is a player in there somewhere. With the kernel streaming output, it sounds like it passes through less OS software than WASAPI, and sounds more natural because of it. Natural will seem like exactly the right word to use.
Staircases are not an accurate way of visualizing digital audio. If you have an audio editing app, you can feed a tone into it and look at the waveform blown up huge and there are no stair steps. Waveforms are smooth from point to point. Also, if there was a problem with that, it would show up in high frequencies like 20kHz where there are only two points to define a frequency, not in bass notes where there are tens of thousands.
Staircases are not an accurate way of visualizing audio, but with digital audio, staircases are an accurate way of looking at what is going on during each sample. It's ugly, compared to what you're telling me it should be, right? That's why we want higher resolution. With samples, they will never be gone. The quest is to get the jagged steps to look like you want them to be. They'll never get there as samples, increasing resolution will improve infinitely.
To PERFECTLY reproduce a frequency, it takes double the sampling rate. 44.1 can PERFECTLY reproduce every frequency up to 20kHz, which is the upper limit of human hearing. This is part of the basics of digital audio. You might want to read up on Nyquist Theory at wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Again, they are not a smooth curve, the 20khz sounds are the most jagged possible to still be able to even play. It was the minimum they went with, otherwise someone would complain they couldn't hear something that was supposed to be there.
Watch out for all that stuff that talks about you at 30khz, it all sees you.
"Folks here who know all about it are happy to answer any questions you have. If you aren't sure, it's best to phrase them as questions, rather than as statements that are based on guesses about how things work. Knowing what you don't know can be more important than knowing what you do know sometimes."
If I have a question, I'll ask. Thank you for telling me what you were thinking. I wish the waves weren't staircased, but you have to have steps when it's only samples. Samples just say you have to play that at some point, they're not what's going on, your chip just wings that. Gimme a break it's not smart just to be playing what that sample works out to for as long as a sample lasts, though. It should work out to hearing a more accurate starting and stopping of things constantly if you increase resolution.