So yes, there are several things going on here. In the technical respect, 'speed' refers to how fast the driver can move, which is measured by frequency response, particularly with how high in frequency it can go. The faster it moves the more high frequency extension.
But that's not how audiophiles typically refer to the subjective quality 'speed'. However that too is something that can be described in terms of FR. I'm reminded of a recent conversation where a colleague was referring to common mistakes people make when reading graphs, which is that they're not commonly interpreted as 'time events', and they should be. In this sense, massive overbearing bass will likely cause things to sound 'slower' and flat, linear or well controlled bass will like cause things to sound 'faster'. And in that respect, if you train yourself to interpret FR this way, you can get a sense of this subjective quality just by looking at the graph.
But I also don't want to overinflate that, because how a drum strike comes across... This isn't uniquely down to the way it's handled by the low frequency performance of the playback equipment, since those tones span a range of frequencies.
With respect to EQ, yes you 100% can EQ these effects regardless of driver type if you know what you're doing. With that said, you need to know what the FR is at your eardrum or be comfortable doing a lot of additional subjective listening work to get there. And no, EQ profiles are not sufficient for this.