If you liked the Bach cello suites, the obvious next stop is the Bach sonatas and partitas for violin solo. There are any number of fine recordings - I like Grumiaux. For more 'modern' (turn of the last century) solo violin, there are Ysaÿe's six sonatas. For 20th century solo cello music, Matt Haimovitz did a beautifully powerful 3CD set called, imaginatively, The Twentieth-Century Cello.
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For quartets, I'd start with mid-period Beethoven (Op. 74) and work through to the later ones, which are mind-blowing. The Alban Berg Quartet set is good. Then skip forward to the American quartet by Dvorak, and maybe the Bartok quartets (spiky) and Shostakovich (melancholy, violent, ironic - all human life is here).
Trios... for some reason these tend to be slighter works than solo or quartet works. Personally I'd leave them for a while, but you could get the Beaux Arts trio performance of the Archduke and Ghost trios (Beethoven) and see what they do for you.