OK, I tired of looking at the sorry mess on my shelf so I took some time to e-mail the guys at AKG.
They told me that I had to get in contact with the professional branch - and after e-mailing them I have now a PDF waiting for me with spare part lists for the AKG K140 that should help me find what I'm looking for.
The service part name for the earpads seems to onclude a lot of things, foam, cushion and plastic holder etc and has service code: 2040 M 0602 - "Cushion with capsule compl.". For both AKG 140 S/4 and 140 S/5.
Hmm, well, lets see if we can find that.
I don't know if ther eis a way to upload the PDF, but I can make an image if it later or send it by e-mail to anyone that is interested. The guy at the service centre told me not to get my hopes up though, the document is from 1978...