I'm not an audio engineer, but I do know USB backwards and forwards! The design and quality of a USB cable will affect your SQ in only 2 ways -
1. The cable is so badly made that it does not support data transmission at the specified rate (although it would have to be truly bloody awful to not sustain 480Mbps) - some cables are like this, and plenty of cables that claim to be USB2.0 or USB 3.0 complaint are only complaint in the sense that they have the right type of plug connector. These types of cables may affect the sustainable data rate, which will compromise your SQ through stutter/playback interruptions...to put that into context, an uncompressed 16bit/44khz stream would only need just under 1.5Mbs for uninterrupted streaming....
2. The cable is standard complaint (i.e. carries the right voltage, right shape plugs, designed to carry minimum data rate as per spec), but is designed to a price (usually about $2/m + terminations) - in this case, the cable will be fine for computer applications, but may still cause SQ issues in audio, but only by picking up RF interference - in this case, the better made the cable is, and the better the materials used, the less noise it will introduce into your signal. It can't make the signal better, but it can make it worse.
My own view, and the physics of it supports the idea, is that very high quality cabling is a way of protecting the quality (primarily SNR) of your original signal. If that's a super-low-noise signal coming from a hand-crafted USB interface in a high-end audio device, it seems reasonable to buy high-quality cables to connect it to another high-quality device.
In terms of cable quality, the cost/quality relationship is a very steep exponential curve (quality on the x-axis, cost on the y). I you want to connect a $10000 streamer to a $15000 DAC, then it may well be that case that a (well-made) $1000 USB cable will deliver less noise into the DAC than a $50 cable (whether you can hear it or not, is another issue!). For more modest equipment, it seems unlikely that spending more than $150 on a USB cable will deliver any perceptible SQ gains.
$150 should be the most you need to pay for a 1.0m cable that will suit the vast majority of (non-esoteric) hifi applications, will be durable, flexbile, will provide effective transmission rates and shielding, and will have accurate plugs/fittings.
<dons flameproof suit and goes for coffee>