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Originally Posted by dan1son
Not sure what type
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Ceramic or film. 0.01uF to 0.1uF are the most widely useful values. Smaller is better, as a rule.
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It's complex. (Literally! -- the equations involve complex numbers.)
One way to think about bypassing capacitors is that they provide a low-impedance path to ground for noise on the power rails. A capacitor has a falling impedance vs. frequency, so the higher the frequency, the lower the impedance. So for pure DC, the capacitor effectively is not there. As frequency goes up, the tendency for the noise on the rails to be shunted across the cap goes up.
Another way to think about bypassing caps first requires that you ask why the noise is there on the rails in the first place. And that is because the impedance of your power supply is not zero. If it were, no amount of current you could pull from it would cause its voltage to drop; it would be a perfect voltage source. Since that's not practical in reality, the varying load current of your amp translates into varying supply voltage. Putting a capacitor across an impedance lowers the series impedance, because the capacitor acts as a kind of storage reservoir for power.
This is only part of the story. But you begin to get an idea of why bypassing is good, which is the main goal here.
By the way, a better plan than running a single bypass cap from V+ to V- is to use two caps, one from each rail to ground. Put the caps as close to the power pins of the op-amp as you can. Let the path to ground be long and snaky if you must to make this happen.
Using just one cap only shunts noise from one rail to the other. It's not totally useless, but it isn't as good as proper bypassing.