I'm currently using the 1/4" cable provided with the headphones. I'm sure the cable was fully and securely connected. If the amp is in protection mode how do you reset it? Would the light be white if in protection mode? I get no sound with the M1570 or HD6XX. I currently have no balanced cables.
I'm not an expert on the electronics tech side of things. I'm not able to troubleshoot why the amp would have gone into protection mode (or fried itself) in the way you described.
I don't know if a bad tube or damaged tube would have caused that behavior. I have seen new Electro Harmonix tubes come out of the box with bent pins or misaligned pins. So maybe a bad tube fried it or the tube was inserted incorrectly or not fully. Or... Or other reasons.
General things to be careful of when setting up the amp.
Don't plug in the barrel power connector while the power supply is plugged into the wall outlet. Plug the barrel connector in first, then plug in the power supply to the wall outlet. Barrel connectors can spark if you do it the other way. And that spark isn't good for the equipment.
Don't plug in RCA cables while the amp and DAC are powered on. Turn both amp and the DAC off (all the way off) and then plug in the RCA cables. Then turn things back on.
The manual also mentions some other setup and general best practices for an amp like this. And also has two paragraphs about the protection circuit.
One of the behaviors of the protection circuit is that it can get tripped if you insert or remove the 1/4" TRS plug while the amp is on and the volume turned up a bit. The manual gives a brief explanation of what's going on. The TRS connection can actually briefly short a channel as the wipers move over the tip ring and sleeve connections. And that brief short is enough to trip the LP protection circuit.
With the LP and using the 1/4" TRS headphones the best practice is to plug the headphones in while the amp is off. Turn the amp on while the headphones are connected. And turn the amp off when you want to disconnect to change headphones. All because the TRS plug can trip the protection circuit due to the design of the plug. The 4.4mm Pentaconn plug also has the same problem as the TRS plug.
That same care is not necessary when using the 4-pin XLR balanced connection. Because it is pretty much impossible to create that type of a channel connection short while inserting or removing the 4-pin XLR plug. When using balanced headphones with the LP (and LGx) I don't turn the amp off when swapping headphones. I just turn the volume down to zero. Swap headphones. And continue on listening. But with the 1/4" TRS plug I turn the amp off when swapping headphones. Yet another reason why balanced headphones are better and the 4-pin XLR is the superior balanced headphone connection.
Amazon sellers still have a few Liquid Platinum amps in stock. They're in stock and shipped by Amazon. If you still want an LP amp then order one from Amazon before they're gone and return the damaged amp back to the seller on Target.
If you're going to be using the LP with single-ended headphones using the 1/4" TRS jack then I would actually suggest getting a Schiit Lyr 3 instead. The LP is designed to be used with balanced headphones and sounds better with balanced headphones than it does with single-ended headphones. The Lyr 3 is a better hybrid amp choice if you're going to be using the 1/4" TRS jack.