On USB processors, reclockers, cleaners, jitter reducers, pre-conditioners, prayer cloths, etc. (Oh yeah, there's also this thing called a Wyrd.)
Why? What for? What are they supposed to do? Good questions. Does the whole thing center around marrying off your beautiful and virginal D/A converter to some horribly diseased computer USB port? Not that simple, but as my Dad used to say, "If you lie down with a dog, you get fleas."
Some thirty years ago, as the D/A converter planet was cooling, the only way to get signals on board was S/PDIF or the amazing similar AES-EBU. Period. There were coax and TOS link variants (Which do offer ground isolation but suffer from horrible jitter. Oh, they are cheap and are convenient profit centers.)
In that far away universe, computers lived far away from audio systems as they spewed rf energy from mutiple clocks which interfered with rf based devices of the time (TVs and tuners). Wisdom proper to the time separated high end audio systems and computers as much as possible. If they were to close together, audiophile guests would point and snicker.
Fast forward to 6 years ago as I began my first D/A design for Schiit (which utlimately became the Bifrost). In a desktop audio (headphone) system world, USB sockets dominated in a new era when the audio media lived on or was streamed through the computer. Old notions of quality were lost; MP3 was everywhere. The digital source bar was so low it would trip a grasshopper. It sounded like ass.
I was amazed that more users did not acquire/demand spdif connectivity for their computer based audio. It became obvious to me that the convenience of USB dominated. Although the state of its art has improved, it still has a ways to go to trump the best of S/PDIF.
So it is no surprise to me that various products have appeared on the market to fix or enhance USB. Some even purport to use USB sockets to fix other parameters of the DAC itself. Some categories are below:
USB Filters. These tend to be the least expensive USB addition. They can be passive ($) or active (more $$). Such filters are built in to all Schiit USB nputs on all digital products.
Devices to fix USB power. This is one of the functions of the Schiit Wyrd, the only product I will comment on. The last six years in the evolution of computers (servers) have headed them in an ever smaller direction. Along with this comes less power available from the USB sockets to power the connected USB devices themselves. The Schiit Wyrd has a separate power supply designed to drive the most power hungry USB input circuits. There is also a USB repeater function which separates the input and output USB data wires. Many users report they hear an improvement when using the Wyrd, even if the extra USB power is not needed. The Schiit Wyrd is $99.
USB Isolators. Several design choices, whether it be optical, transformer, or inductive (cheapest). This is good engineering practice if properly implemented. The idea is that the computer's trash and slop is not transferred in real time to D/A converter. This is tricky to implement as most isolators are jitter prone.
USB Clocks. This is the least understood and farthest removed from where it really counts enhancement. This is not to say that clocks are not important. At the end of the day, however, they only matter at the input to the DAC chip or array, with the most important by far being the Word Clock or Convert Command. In all Schiit gear, there are at least two and probably three major stages of clocks prior to the DAC chip, where our adaptaclock and clock cleaners live. Fixing bad clocks ahead of all of that is not anywhere as effective as it is at the DAC and therefore money not totally well spent. That said, good clocks upstream can't hurt, and can provide an incremental improvement.
These features are what I have seen a variety of products implement in the wild. There are even those which have implemented more than one of them, but they usually sell for prices approaching a kilobuck. A product such as this should cost far less and would probably be fun to design. Who knows? Maybe. Probably.