@Articnoise
>>The left ear is different to the right in what way accept it is on the other side of the head?
In reality, the shape of the left ear and right ear are quite different for almost everyone. They are not exactly the same.
Measurement of frequency response for headphones using artificial heads is very different. There are different ways / places to measure the frequency response.
ERP, EEP, DRP (see image below). In practice mostly EEP and DRP are used.
As the sound from the headphone goes through the pinna , concha and the ear canal, the frequency response is modified.
In most adults, the left and right ear are not similar. The shapes are different even between the left and right ear. Recent research suggests that we even hear differently between left and right ear and most people prefer right ear for spoken words.
The Ear canal specifically changes the sound between (2Khz and 4Khz). The amount of change in the ear canal (ear canal resonance) is dependent on the particular indivudual’s length, shape, curve and volume of the ear canal. In addition the shape of the pinna, concha shape the frequency response as well. The smaller the ear, the more accentuated the high frequencies are.
So when the artificial heads were created, they designed them to mimic human hearing. They sampled and averaged thousands of heads and ears and came up with the artificial heads / ears.
So the left and right ear in measurement systems are slightly different.
When we put headphones on the heads and measure them at EEP or DRP, even if we use the same source (eg - speakers), the frequency response picked up the the calibrated microphones will be slightly different because of the differences in the shape between left and right ear.