Already mentioned, but check out Between the Buried and Me, mainly their last two albums, Alaska and Colors.

if you dig that signing/growling metalcore mix then I too recomend Killswitch Engage and As I lay Dying.

For a slightly European twist go for Caliban, check out vent first because it was at turning point in their career, most people either like pre-Vent Caliban or post-Vent Caliban, my personal favorite album is Shadows are Security.

Though the album that I would recommend the most to you would be "Nocturn" by "The Human Abstract" check out the song Vell, together we await the storm, its epic!

What else is there, it dies today, Hopesfall, twelve tribes (not the rap group)

Neurosis, Ministy and Mastadon are not metalcore.

I love neurosis myself and i think you should like Pelican and Isis.

betzefer - great band from Israel

MySpace.com - BETZEFER [in studio] - Tel-Aviv - Metal / Rock - www.myspace.com/betzefer

Between The Buried And Me - The Silent Circus

Between The Buried And Me - Alaska

Textures - Drawing Circles

Those are the more metalcore / hardcore alligned suggestions


Other suggestions based off of your list of things you'd like to check out -

The Dillinger Escape Plan & Mike Patton - Irony Is A Dead Scene

Meshuggah - Catch 33

At-the-drive-in is mars volta's old band I actually prefer that band to Mars Volta. Theres also Thrice and they are more post-hardcore/experimental they offer a wide range of genres I think you'll really enjoy them. I suggest you download their album Vheissu to get a good idea of what they are like now, back then they were more punk, post-hardcorish, and good albums back then are the illusion of safety and artist in the ambulance. You may also like the band As Cities Burn.