My guess is the clocks and processing in the tX-USBultra is so far advanced from the SU-1 that the SU-1 becomes a downgrade bottleneck.
In your case the sMS-200ultra should be offering some isolation through the Ethernet to USB conversion (iiuc).
There are hundreds, maybe thousands of posts already in other forums concerning the SOtM Ultra series proficiency in improving SQ, which can even be enhanced by using an outboard reference clock. If I recall correctly, there have been a few posts testing direct comparison vs. the Uptone ISORegen (Crystek) and W4S Recovery (Crystek?) and the SOtM Ultra was preferred, but the Uptone IR is much more affordable and offers isolation in most cases.
I have a friend that tried my SU-1 (with Supercaps PS) and my Tanly, and Recovery, and a couple other DDC's and then later got the SOtM tx Ultra.. his observation is SOtM Ultra is currently in a different league.
I am not sure how good the KTE mod is on the SU-1, but in my case I needed to provide independent isolated 5V power to the board to get it to beat my Tanly... Even after 3 days solid break-in it, the original SU-1 was still harsh sounding (my speakers have some peaks after 10K that can be problematic.)
Some day I may try a tX-USBultra also, I would love to get one but that is a LOT of money for a reclocker without GI.. so for now I will be sticking with my Crystek´s; JCat USB card->Singxer UIP-1 isolator->Recovery->SU-1->i2s ... sounds great and performs solidly with much care to the cables and power. I use a Wireworld 0.3M (old model Starlight) HDMI cable for the i2s.. I agree your 0.5 meter cable may be some problem.. I tried a 0.5M DH Labs HDMI briefly and I think the Starlight was better. That said, I have had a 1 M Starlight in my system while doing some testing and worked fine.
I am not sure, but I think HDMI i2s does use some type of transmitter/receiver scheme. IIUC, a SE i2s transmission (that typically uses RJ45 type connectors) does not, but must use super short cable, as i2s was not developed for external components.
I think some DIY guy is already working on using SOtM Ultra clock outputs to replace the clocks in the SU-1.. I do not think this has yet been completed, but if successful would seem the perfect solution in your case as you already own the Ultra clock module in your SOtM devices.
I am hoping SOtM comes out with an Ultra DDC with i2s... currently they offer an AES/SPDIF DDC Ultra version, I think that is around 1200 USD or so