When people talk about "powering" a headphone, they are referring to what kind of amplification is being used for it.
HD-600s are power-hungry. This means they need a very high-quality amplifier which delivers not necessarily raw watts of power but rather high quality signal at any volume level.
The differences you will notice between a very minimalistic setup with the HD-600s and a high-end setup are significant. While the HD-600 sounds fine with a receiver or a low-end amp, the following happen with an amp:
(Note that I am primarily comparing the airhead / cheap source combo to headroom's blockhead / meridian combo for maximum contrast).
1. Bass will go much much lower because higher-end amps match the high impedence of HD-600s. It will be extremely tight and literally shake your head like you have never experienced before. All this with absolutely no equalization.
2. The second noticeable difference will be the highs. They sound "etched," "grainy," and slightly "tizzy" with a cheap amp. The words to describe treble on the 600s with a good amp are "smooth," "blended," and "airy." I find this to be a quite obvious switch.
3. Musicality will be the third difference. The midrange shall become unbelievably detailed and unfatiguing. Guitar sounds richer and more intimate. The bottom end of midrange is just perfect with the right amp and a HD-600. Compared to the cheaper airhead setup, it's almost as if the upper mids aren't there sometimes; "veiled" as some members say. It's unveiled with a good setup.
4. Transients. With low-imp low-cost setups the HD600s produce a sloppy transient decay. In other words, when a guitar is plucked, the initial attack is blurred and sounds confused and disappears quickly with little or no decay. On the blockhead amp, it's eerily like a real guitarist is carefully plucking the strings: transients are "fast" and "tight." As the note decays, you can hear the last bit of it.
5. Dynamics. The airhead produces good dynamics but it just gets better with a top echelon amp.
6. Detail. I left this one for last because I feel the HD-600s have the potential to be incredibly detailed, but many people find this detail covered up by its warmness. A low-cost setup simply lacks detail versus a really good one. The 600s open way up and calmly lay out what is happening in a coherent fashion in front of the listener. The breathing of the musicians; the sound of a violinist's instrument stressing under staccato, all of it is more apparent.
7. Soundstage and/or room size. It's almost scary being able to tell the relative dimensions of the room in which the recording was made. That's what happens on a top notch amp. A cheaper amp or no amp at all produces very little of this.
So, to sum it up, you can get a fairly decent, respectable sound with no amp but a good receiver. However, with the best amplification available, the HD600s are WAY better.
Cheers,
Geek