Sorry to hear of your loss.
Now that you have unfortunately learned the hard way, here are a few suggestions to help you out once you get back on your feet that will prevent such a disaster from happening again:
Assuming you are a PC user:
1) You want a backup program for important files, I use SyncBack, and it is wonderful. Learn how to use the software properly, and schedule it to backup all of your important files (such as the ones you lost) on a regular basis to every PC that may be on your network, and to all of your PCs local drives (assuming your PC has more than 1 hard drive). Also, schedule it to backup the files to an external drive (dirt cheap these days). If you have storage space online, have Syncback backup your data there as well. If you don't have storage space at an online location, backup to your external hard drive once per month, then after each backup, store your external hard drive at an offsite location (friend or family members house). This is a pain in the ass, but it is imperative to have an offsite backup solution. If your house burns down, and you only have local backup copies, they burn down with the house, and then there goes all of your data again. Another solution may be a fireproof safe that is rated to protect media for 1 or 2 hours in a fire - make sure the safe is waterproof as well. You can store your external hard drive in this safe as an alternative to storing it at a friends house.
2) Get yourself a disk imaging tool. I use Acronis True Image Home 2009. It works wonderfully, and is very simple to use. Once your PC is rebuilt and back to normal, with all of your files recovered, take a backup snapshot of your disk. Be sure to save the image backup to a location OTHER than your main "C" drive. Schedule True Image to save incremanetal snapshot images of your system on a regular basis. Same applies to step 1: make as many copies as you can to other PCs on the network, to an online storage location if possible, or an external hard drive that you keep in a fireproof & waterproof safe, or at an offiste location, such as a friend or family members house.
Once you have SyncBack and True Image scheduled and working properly, they become a "set it and forget it" type of routine. They will quietly work in the background, and you will rest easy knowing that you have all of your important files safely backed up, and a snapshot of your system that you can recover very quickly in the event of a disastrous system / OS meltdown.
In summary:
SnycBack = $30
True Image = $50
2 Internal Hard drives in whatever size you prefer = $Varies
1 decent Fireproof / Waterproof safe rated to protect data for up to 1 hour in a fire = $150
Peace of mind knowing that your system and important files are robustly backed up and fully recoverable = $Priceless.
Let this also be a lesson to everyone who does not regularly backup their system and files both locally and to an offsite location. Heed my advice and devise a backup strategy and GO AND IMPLEMENT IT RIGHT NOW. It isn't a question of IF your hard drive will fail, it is a question of WHEN it will fail.
For the Original Poster: Do you happen to own an iPOD, and if so, are your music and photos currently stored on it? If so, then there IS a way to pull the files from the iPOD back onto a computer hard drive. At least this would recover some of your files in the meantime...