I'm on a tight budget and don't have a ton of listening space. In that spirit, I'm looking for something that can be a bit of a "do everything" amplifier. I have done a bunch of Google trawling, but I don't think I can form the right search query to locate the gear I want. As such, I defer to the greater hive-mind for help!
What I want:
L/R 3-pin XLR balanced IN
L/R RCA SE IN
L/R 3-pin XLR balanced OUT
L/R Speaker OUT
4-pin XLR headphone balanced OUT.
~3-5ish watts RMS @ 32 ohms.
500$ or less
That's a tall order for $500. Your best option is to use a separate speaker power amp with a balanced headphone amp with preamp output. Still not going to cost $500 or less.
BONUS! If it had an integrated DAC that would be amazing.
Schiit Jotunheim with balanced DAC, feed the variable line output to an Emotiva power amp to drive the speakers.
AudioGD NFB-28, use preamp out to Emotiva power amp to drive speakers; still has XLR balanced output
My goal is to have it drive some really sensitive bookshelf speakers as well as power my balanced headset.
What's the XLR line output and speaker amp output for in the same device? You either use the XLR variable output to drive active monitors, or RCA/XLR variable preamp output to feed a power amp (ie not an integrated amp, no preamp built in) to drive the speakers.
If your speakers are very high sensitivity, you might have a problem with the Emotivas as they're high output Class A/B's. if they have noise, you only have two options if you only have a variable preamp output to work with:
1. A First Watt amp, or anything else by Pass Labs or similar, running in Class A at headphone amp-levels of low noise output
2. An expensive Class D power amp
If you get the AudioGD, set the output to fixed voltage line output, and then run a low power integrated amp. Even Class T (D) amps have very low noise (though with relatively high distortion vs Class A) that some 8wpc amps can easily drive high efficiency horn or fullrange speakers. Or get a vintage amp. It's really hard to find a low output, low noise power amp since most manufacturers will only make power amps with the perception that buyers will only go through the trouble of using and spending on separates if they can't get enough power out of an integrated amp, some of which can output 100wpc in pure Class A now (ex Unison Research Unico), so even if there are some out there, they're designed for insanely low noise (First Watt) or very high power and high efficiency but low noise at low output levels (Bel Canto and other Class "T" amps).
Alternately, you can probably find someone who can modify an integrated Class "T" board and have the preamp section bypassed and get the input to go right into the output stage, this way you can hook it up to the Jotunheim.
The Schiit Ragnarok looks wonderful, but is way more power than I need and 3x what I can afford.
It was designed to drive practically any medium sensitivity speakers in somewhat larger rooms as well as hard to drive headphones using the same output stage, so naturally even if headphones have a higher load impedance, you're still starting off with a relatively high output level at 8ohms.
The Schiit Jotunheim looks great, too, especially because it has a good DAC in it, but it only has balanced pre-outs, not amp-level outs.
What's an "amp level outs?" You mean speaker amp output? You'll have to get a Ragnarok, or just get a power amp like the ones Emotiva sells and hook it up to the Jotunheim (or similar device).
Sub-question...Could I custom-wire a set of speakers into a 4-pin XLR cable? Speakers are usually 2-8 ohm per channel, headphones are like 32ohms...that's gotta not work, right?
Power might not be a problem if your speakers are well above 93dB/1mW at 1M and you're not sitting too far away. Problem is how stable that output stage will be when driving an 8ohm load, much less one that has wide impedance swings down to 2ohms depending on the frequency being played.