...still trying to think of the ones that have stood out for me/the standards everyone pointed me to when I started looking into the genre:
Other odds and ends:
Bill Evans-Portrait in Jazz
John Coltrane-My Favorite Things
John Coltrane-A Love Supreme
John Coltrane-Lush Life
A nice, broad coverage of Coltrane is done in the Impulse best of series "Coltrane: his Greatest Years" volume 1, 2 and 3....
Cannonball Adderly-Somethin' Else
Charles Mingus-Ah Um
Dave Brubeck-Time Out (if I had a penny for every time I found this in a box of records at a yard sale I would be a millionaire by now...)
Getting a little freakier now:
Wayne Shorter-the All Seeing Eye
Ornette Coleman-Free Jazz A Collective Improvization
Sun Ra-the Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra
Sun Ra-Atlantis
Pharoah Sanders-Black Unity
Alice Coltrane-Journey in Satchidinanda
Herbie Hancock-Sextant
Herbie Hancock-Crossings