Isolation
The Q40 is the worst here, with large earcups that don't quite seal. The other three are all rather close. The M50 has better comfort and isolation if you put the 840 pads on it. The HDJ-2000 actually has bass ports on the back (hidden under the handband arm), but still isolates reasonably well.
Cord
The M50 cord isn't removeable at all. The 840 has a proprietary twist lock 2.5mm on the headphone end. The HDJ-2000 has a very secure mini xlr, but it's kinda pricy to replace. The Q40 has a simple 3.5mm screw on tip at both ends making replacement much easier. Why can't they all be like that?
Earpads
The HDJ2000 has the comfiest pads by far, though also the smallest. They are a supple (protein) leather and memory foam which cushions your head wonderfully. They are a bit shallow though, so if you have big ears that stick out then they might bottom out on the inner grill. I wound up rolling up a bit of gauze under the earpads just to give that tiny bit of extra clearance and better comfort.
The 840 pads are basically a step better than the M50 pads in every way. The Q40 pads, while not bad, simply fall behind compared to the rest here, composed of a soft fabric material. They are the largest and roundest though, if you prefer that kind of fit (where the 840/M50 are oval-shaped).
Headband
The 840 has a weird headband that straightens out in the middle, which places a lot of pressure at the crown of your head. There is also a lot of weight in the headband itself. The M50 is rounder, but not that soft. The Q40 is soft and cushioned and more comfortable than the M50 and 840. The HDJ-2000 has a rather narrow headband, which may not suit those with wide square heads, but is otherwise superbly comfortable.
Clamping Force
The M50s require stretching to be comfortable over extended periods, but will stay on your head through mild headbanging. The 840 and HDJ-2000 have the lightest clamp; but the HDJ-2000 is still secure, while the 840 will likely slide due to the weight in the band.
Comfort
The 840 headband is very uncomfortable for me, though mods can alleviate this and many others do not have this issue. The best natural fit for me is either the Q40 or HDJ-2000.
Ease to Drive
These are all relatively easy to drive. The Q40s like to have a bit more juice, but are perfectly capable out of an ipod (though it improves dramatically with amping). All of them can be driven to ear splitting levels.
Durability
While these are all fairly durable as far as headphones go (being studio/dj cans by design), hands down the HDJ-2000 feels the sturdiest.
Folding
One gripe I have with collapsible headphones is that the cups press into the headband cushioning. Not a big deal, but it feels like something that could have been avoided with proper design. The M50s and HDJ-2000 are the only two that fold in without touching the headband. Between them, the HDJ-2000 folds smaller and also has a unique folding mechanism. The 840 is clunky, but can be folded in different configurations. All the cans except the M50 also have removeable cords, making it easier to pack them up.
Sizing
If you have a watermelon sized noggin, then the 840s might be your only choice. For the most part though, all of these will accommodate the largest of heads. The HDJ-2000 is the smallest fit, and the strong curve in the headband suits round heads better than square ones.
Weight
The 840 is heavy and feels like it. The HDJ-2000 is next heaviest, but the cushioning supports the weight much much better and you hardly notice. The Q40 is the lightest and if you are sensitive to weight then this would be the best option.
Coolness
The tradeoff of the Q40 having a mild clamp and least isolation with fabric pads is that it also doesn't warm up as quickly as the other. The M50 is the worst here, making your ears sweat in no time.
Sound Signature
M50: sharp and punchy, with aggressive highs and lows that fight for your attention.
Q40: has a deep rumbly low end and smooth everything else.
840: the pothead of the family, everything is laid back and easy, with a slightly forward midrange that just tells you to mellow out
HDJ-2000: the performer, clean and technical when it needs to be, without coming off aggressive
Soundstage
The one area the HDJ-2000 falls short is in the rather narrow soundstage though this improves significantly with amping, unlike the M50 which remains the same. The Q40 on the other hand is nice and vast; possibly due once again to it's not-quite-closed nature.
Amping
The M50 benefits almost nothing from amping. The 840 only slightly so, gaining some traction on the bottom end. The HDJ-2000 improves noticeably and gains spaciousness and soundstage which it normally lacks. The Q40 improves dramatically and develops a much deeper, more cohesive and richer sound.
*note: observations are highly amp dependent, so just take these as generalizations
Edited by Armaegis - 9/10/11 at 12:38pm