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Connector Materials

post #1 of 22
Thread Starter 
I wanted some help sorting through everything I have picked up from reading and searching the forums and the internet about connector materials. I am at a point where I want to move beyond my normal Neutrik's, but I am still on a strict budget so need to weigh my purchases very carefully against, price, aesthetics, and since this is an audiophile forum, SQ.

Conductors:

Brass - copper alloy, the most common, corrodes so needs to be plated.
Copper - more conductive, can be found in more expensive plugs, corrodes so needs to be plated.
Silver - even more conductive, quite expensive, corrodes, but the oxide formed is still very conductive so plating is unnecessary.

Plating:
Nickel - cheap, common, unsure of it's corrosion resistance, but I assume it is good since it is used to cover the brass.
Gold - super common, highly resistant to corrosion. lower conductivity than copper or silver.
Silver - kind of already discussed. seen covering brass in mid level connectors from Cardas and HGA's Lok series. I think I have seen it covering copper as well.
Rhodium - blingy and beautiful, does not form an oxide, very durable, not sure of its conductance. have read that it doesn't plate uniformly, so despite all of its other positives, it may not be ideal from a max connection standpoint

Two main questions I have are as follows:

1 - In small connector, which is usually a relatively small part of the path compared to the wire runs, does the conductor material make a measureable or audible difference to the sound quality?

2 - Does the plating, outside of its protective properties, make a measureable or audible difference to the soudn quality?

As with most things in life that require faith or belief, I am torn between wanting to believe there is a difference, and not really believing there is a difference. Certainly plating, outside of durability and aesthetics seems like it would be too thin and insignificant a part of the chain to make an SQ impact. Mixed on the connector, as it is more material.

Trickle down questions would be what combinations are the best blend of value and sound quality. If both make a difference, which would make more of a difference? Better to have silver plated brass or gold plated copper? Is rhodium a good plating material or not? Rhodium over copper or pure silver?

Thanks for any clarity you might add.
post #2 of 22
Perhaps, but first you must figure out how to "measure sound quality".
post #3 of 22
Cardas says it's best to use a brass less conductive pin with a heavy silver plate protected with rhodium, as the silver plate is like a tube that is thin, similar to the conductor wire itself. Other schools of thought think it matters if the entire pin is highly conductive (pure silver/copper). Me personally, I don't know what to believe. AC signals like to move to the outside of conductors (skin effect).
post #4 of 22
Thread Starter 
All too true, and I understand it is very much subjective. But surely, there must be some people who might find the middle ground between the two extremes that through experience can add just a tad bit of clarity to the situation. So maybe I shouldn't ask about better, since it is purely relative and simply ask if there is an audible difference. I am not entirely sure if I could tell a difference between a cable I made with high quality copper and some cable I made with silver plated copper. I couldn't properly do an A/B, but even though I was hoping to hear a difference, I don't think I did. I don't know if this proves there is no difference or if my equipment is too cheap to show me.

I guess a better way to ask what I am looking for, is for those who can tell the difference between silver wires and copper wires, can you tell if copper connectors are on your silver wires as opposed to silver ones. Or silver connectors on a silver wire. Or brass coated in silver or rhodium.

It would take some of the magic and fun out of this pursuit if in the end, connectors didn't matter, but it would certainly make it easier so I could get simply what looks the best and is in my budget.
post #5 of 22
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by scootermafia View Post
Cardas says it's best to use a brass less conductive pin with a heavy silver plate protected with rhodium, as the silver plate is like a tube that is thin, similar to the conductor wire itself. Other schools of thought think it matters if the entire pin is highly conductive (pure silver/copper). Me personally, I don't know what to believe. AC signals like to move to the outside of conductors (skin effect).
So by using a less conductive inner pin plated with silver, the signal would actually travel to the silver plate as the conductor, so to speak? That is a take on it that I hadn't thought of. The problem is that all of it, both sides, kind of makes sense to me. But none of it enough to make me even mostly on board either way. That is what is driving me up a wall. I like to KNOW things and in this arena, I have to BELIEVE something.
post #6 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by scootermafia View Post
AC signals like to move to the outside of conductors (skin effect).
And that is a function of conductivity. The greater the conductivity, the greater the skin effect and vice versa. So in terms of skin effect, all else being equal, brass would be better than copper. Copper better than silver.

se
post #7 of 22
IIRC it is also a function of frequency and for HF applications the skin effect is very real, but for audio signals probably less so.

/U.
post #8 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by Nisbeth View Post
IIRC it is also a function of frequency and for HF applications the skin effect is very real, but for audio signals probably less so.
Yes, it is also a function of frequency. As frequency increases, current density increases outward from the center as opposed to being uniform.

And probably nothing to lose any sleep over for audio.

se
post #9 of 22
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by Koyaan I. Sqatsi View Post
And that is a function of conductivity. The greater the conductivity, the greater the skin effect and vice versa. So in terms of skin effect, all else being equal, brass would be better than copper. Copper better than silver.

se
Are the negative effects of skin effect greater than the positive effects of greater conductivity? Can it be minimized while keeping the benefits of a highly conductive material by using multiple smaller strands of a conductor?

And for a connector how does skin effect come into play? We are talking like an inch of material that the signal has to go through. I also can't adjust the size of my center pin. Also what would be the point of putting a rhodium plate on top of a silver plate on top of a brass pin? Aren't you kind of negating the contact benefits of the silver?
post #10 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by FraGGleR View Post
Are the negative effects of skin effect greater than the positive effects of greater conductivity?
I haven't seen any convincing evidence that skin effect has any significant effect at audio frequencies.

Quote:
Can it be minimized while keeping the benefits of a highly conductive material by using multiple smaller strands of a conductor?
Sure, provided the multiple smaller strands are insulated from each other, and that they're arranged in such a way that on average over the length of the cable each strand occupies positions ranging from the center of the bunch to the outermost portion of the bunch.

This is how Type 2 litz wire works. Multiple bundles of twisted wires are combined and twisted together forming what's called a "rope lay."

Quote:
And for a connector how does skin effect come into play?
For all intents and purposes, it doesn't.

Quote:
We are talking like an inch of material that the signal has to go through.
Yes. Which means the resistance of that inch of material is going to be extremely low. So whatever effect skin effect has is going to be even lower still.

Quote:
I also can't adjust the size of my center pin.
And Enzyte won't help you there at all.

Quote:
Also what would be the point of putting a rhodium plate on top of a silver plate on top of a brass pin?
Dunno. Though I'm sure it keeps the metal platers happy.

Quote:
Aren't you kind of negating the contact benefits of the silver?
One would think.

se
post #11 of 22
Thread Starter 
LOL. I guess for now since I am making cables for fun and whatever artistic merit I can imbue them with, I will simply use connectors that look the way I would like and are at a price I can stomach. Since I keep all my cables I could try to do a blind test once I move into more materials. I have no idea what kind of placebo effect would take place, as I really have no idea whether or not my cables should sound different.

Thanks to all who have contributed!
post #12 of 22
Beyond all the technical arguments, you can pretty much guarantee that unless your complete audio system is worth over $5k it would be pretty pointless to worry about connector plating. Effects of the usual arguments like the quality of leads on components probably equal or outweigh the difference between between a silver and rhodium plating.
post #13 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by Juaquin View Post
Beyond all the technical arguments, you can pretty much guarantee that unless your complete audio system is worth over $5k it would be pretty pointless to worry about connector plating.
Here you go, FraGGleR, just tie this to your system and you'll be all set to start worrying about connector plating.



se
post #14 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by FraGGleR View Post
LOL. I guess for now since I am making cables for fun and whatever artistic merit I can imbue them with, I will simply use connectors that look the way I would like and are at a price I can stomach.
Nothing I can argue against there.

Quote:
Since I keep all my cables I could try to do a blind test once I move into more materials. I have no idea what kind of placebo effect would take place, as I really have no idea whether or not my cables should sound different.
Blind test?

Bleah! Too messy.

Much easier to not give a **** and just go with whatever sounds best to you regardless of any reasons why. At the end of the day, it's our own pleasure and enjoyment that really counts.

se
post #15 of 22
Quote:
Originally Posted by Koyaan I. Sqatsi View Post
Do they sell these? I need one for my cMoy.
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